This study presents a forwarding nodes selection scheme for zone-based multicast routing protocols to reduce transmission routing control overhead. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is demonstrated over mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and compared with the multicast zone routing protocol (MZR) in terms of the routing control overhead and packet delivery ratio. In this work, the proposed s...

This paper discusses optical-label switching and an experimental demonstration of high-speed all-optical packet switching with all-optical label-swapping capabilities. The subcarrier optical-label content was optically extracted and compared against the forwarding table, which induced packet forwarding as well as label-swapping decisions. The alloptical label processing technique was immune fro...

Popular ad hoc routing protocols such as DSDV and AODV use “predecessor” based forwarding, namely, the packet is forwarded to the predecessor that advertised the shortest path to destination during the last update. However, if the predecessor moves, the routing table entry becomes invalid and predecessor based forwarding fails! To overcome the stale forward table problem, in this paper we propo...

Label Switching (MPLS) is an emerging technology that aims to address many of the existing issues associated with packet forwarding in today's Internetworking environment. It provides a method of forwarding packets at a high rate of speed by combining the speed and performance of Layer 2 with the scalability and IP intelligence of Layer 3. In a traditional IP (Internet Protocol) routing network...

As the Internet traffic continues growing rapidly, parallel packet forwarding becomes a necessity in Internet infrastructure to meet the throughput requirement. On the other hand, energy/ power consumption has been a critical challenge for Internet infrastructure. It has been shown that two thirds of power dissipation inside a core router is due to packet forwarding. This chapter studies the pr...

The Internet consists of a mesh of routers (nodes) connected by links (edges) and the tra c through the Internet is divided into flows where each flow is an ordered sequence of packets, or datagrams. Each packet consists of a header and a piece of data, also referred to as payload. The header contains information about source and destination of the packet as well as some additional information....

In Wireless Sensor Networks, sensor nodes are controlled by either base station or without bases station. In our scheme, the sensor nodes are not depends on the base station. Once the sensor node sent a packet to the destination node, the residual energy is calculated through the multipath routing approach. In this research work, an Efficient Position based Packet Forwarding Protocol (EPPFP) to...

In this paper we study the problem of searching for a node or a piece of data in an ad hoc network using random packet forwarding. In particular, we examine three different methods. The first is a random direction forwarding scheme where the query packet is forwarded along a randomly chosen direction (following an approximate straight line) till it either hits the destination node (the target) ...

We present a network design that provides flexible and policy-compliant forwarding. Our proposal centers around a new architectural concept: that of packet rules. A rule is a simple if-then-else construct that describes the manner in which the network should – or should not – forward packets. A packet identifies the rule by which it is to be forwarded and routers forward each packet in accordan...