[1] Over the past several years researchers have been working to synthesize the WOCE/ JGOFS global CO2 survey data to better understand carbon cycling processes in the oceans. The Pacific Ocean data set has over 35,000 sample locations with at least two carbon parameters, oxygen, nutrients, CFC tracers, and hydrographic parameters. In this paper we estimate the in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates i...

A total 7 species and 13 genera of marine gastropod assemblages are reported for the first time from the Varehh Zard section (Asmari Formation), north of Pole Dokhtar, Lorestan Basin. The section under study, the Asmari Formation, lies between the Shahbazam Formation at the base and Gachsaran Formation at the top. According to the distribution of index foraminifera, the Asmari Formation is Earl...

It has been widely believed that the tropical Pacific trade winds weakened in the last century and would further decrease under a warmer climate in the 21st century. Recent high-quality observations, however, suggest that the tropical Pacific winds have actually strengthened in the past two decades. Precise causes of the recent Pacific climate shift are uncertain. Here we explore how the enhanc...

Tropical cyclones (TCs) actively contribute to the dynamics of Earth’s coupled climate system. They influence oceanic mixing rates, upper-ocean heat content, and air–sea fluxes, with implications for atmosphere and ocean dynamics on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Using an ocean general circulation model with modified surface wind forcing, we explore how TC winds can excite equatorial oce...

Consistent evidence for a poorly ventilated deep Pacific Ocean that could have released its radiocarbon-depleted carbon stock to the atmosphere during the last deglaciation has long been sought. Such evidence remains lacking, in part due to a paucity of surface reservoir age reconstructions required for accurate deep-ocean ventilation age estimates. Here we combine new radiocarbon data from the...

Equatorial turbulent diffusivities resulting from breaking gravity waves may be more than a factor of 10 less than those in the midlatitudes. A coupled general circulation model with a layered isopycnal coordinate ocean is used to assess Pacific climate sensitivity to a latitudinally varying background diapycnal diffusivity with extremely low values near the equator. The control experiments hav...

The coupled model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) is used to investigate the effects of extratropical cooling and warming on the tropical Pacific climate. The IAP coupled model is a fully coupled GCM without any flux correction. The model has been used in many aspects of climate modeling, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)...

17 18 Regional patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific climate change are investigated over the last six 19 decades based on a synthesis of in situ observations and ocean model simulations, with a 20 focus on physical consistency among sea surface temperature (SST), cloud, sea level 21 pressure (SLP), surface wind, and subsurface ocean temperature. A newly-developed 22 bias-corrected surface wind dat...

The deep ocean conditions and circulation during the Cretaceous have been characterized mainly by the sediments from the Tethys Sea and the proto-Atlantic Ocean, because sedimentological data from the Pacific basin from that period have been quite limited. Here we present new geochemical measurements from sediments that we collected from two sites in Hokkaido, Japan, that were presumably deposi...

Throughout the 1960's and 1970's, oceanographers referred to the large-scale warming of the equatorial eastern and central Pacific as El Nino. This anomalous warming was later shown to be associated with anoma­ lies in the upper ocean thermal structure throughout the equatorial Pacific Ocean. At about the same time, scientists realized that the Southern Oscillation was in­ timately related to t...