In contrast to the prototype adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2), the capsid gene P41 promoter of AAV5, within viral constructs that lack inverted terminal repeat sequences, displays a high basal level of expression in 293 cells in the absence of coinfecting adenovirus. Here we demonstrate that this was due to differences in the relative strengths of the core promoter elements and to the prese...

The NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a gp91(phox) homologue preferentially expressed in the colon. We have established primary cultures of guinea pig large intestinal epithelial cells giving 90% purity of surface mucous cells. These cells spontaneously released superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) of 160 nmol/mg protein/h and expressed the Nox1, p22(phox), p67(phox), and Rac1 mRNAs, but not the gp91(phox), Nox4...

Mycoplasma pneumoniae lacks a cell wall but has internal cytoskeleton-like structures that are assumed to support the attachment organelle and asymmetric cell shape of this bacterium. To explore the fine details of the attachment organelle and the cytoskeleton-like structures, a fluorescent-protein tagging technique was applied to visualize the protein components of these structures. The focus ...

Adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5) has a linear, single-stranded DNA genome of ca. 5 kb and an overlapping transcription profile featuring multiple promoters and a single intron in the center of the genome. Unlike the situation for the prototype AAV2, AAV5 RNAs transcribed from upstream promoters at map units 7 (P7) and 19 (P19), which encode the viral Rep proteins, are predominantly polyaden...

Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2021, 306, 2000530 https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202000530 In the original published article, following funder information was unintentionally omitted. BioCARS grant NIH P41 GM118217, PI Rama Ranganathan.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The available serological techniques for the diagnosis of leptospirosis have less sensitivity during the early stage of the disease. Understanding of leptospiral proteins expressed during acute and convalescent phases of leptospirosis, would be help the develop of new serodiagnostic strategies. Therefore, the present study was carried out to identify (i) an antigen that ...

The association of host proteins with viral RNA replication proteins has been reported for a number of (+)-strand RNA viruses. However, little is known about the identity or function of these host proteins in viral replication. In this paper we report the characterization of a host protein associated with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected barley. A h...

The role of processing in antigen (Ag) presentation and T cell activation in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was evaluated in wild-type mice, mice that selectively express either Ii p31 or p41, and mice completely deficient in Ii or H-2M. We demonstrate that processing of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is required for presentation of the dominant encephalitogenic MOG ep...

The invariant chain (Ii) is associated with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules during early stages of their intracellular transport. In an acidic endosomal/lysosomal compartment, it is proteolytically cleaved and removed from class II heterodimers. Participation of aspartic and cysteine proteases has been observed in in vitro degradation of Ii, but the specific enzymes responsi...