Abstract The ray series method may be generalized using a ray centered coordinate system for general 3D-heterogeneous media. This method is useful for Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) seismic modeling, seismic analysis, interpretational purposes, and comparison with seismic field observations.For each central ray (constant ray parameter), the kinematic (the eikonal) and dynamic ray tracing system ...

For elastic reverse-time migration, one constructs elastic source and receiver wavefields using a source function and multi-component data, and then applies an imaging condition to the reconstructed wavefields. A widely used imaging condition is crosscorrelation of individual wave modes separated in both wavefields, e.g., compressional (P) waves and shear (S) waves. One difficulty in elastic mi...

Seismic images obtained by multicomponent wave-equation migration can be decomposed into angle-gathers with a transformation that generalizes the equivalent construction for primary waves. A particularly simple formulation is to use all three components of the offset vector separating sources and receivers at image points. Using full vector offsets, multicomponent angle-gathers are built using ...

An overview of Gaussian beam imaging is given for converted and surface reflected seismic waves. The earthquake seismology community now regularly uses seismic waves from distant sources to illuminate structures beneath seismic arrays in so-called passive imaging experiments. Similarly, reservoir structures can be imaged with seismic waves incident from below using sources in boreholes. Gaussia...

Polarity changes in converted-wave images constructed by elastic reverse-time migration causes destructive interference after stacking over the experiments of a seismic survey. We derive a simple imaging condition for converted waves imaging designed to correct the image polarity and reveal the conversion strength from one wave mode to another. Our imaging condition exploits pure Pand S-modes o...

Wavefield-extrapolation methods can produce angle-domain common-image gathers ADCIGs . To obtain ADCIGs for converted-wave seismic data, information about the image dip and the P-to-S velocity ratio must be included in the computation of angle gathers. These ADCIGs are a function of the half-aperture angle, i.e., the average between the incidence angle and the reflection angle. We have develope...

Pairs of Planck-mass drops of superfluid helium coated by electrons (i.e., “Millikan oil drops”), when levitated in a superconducting magnetic trap, can be efficient quantum transducers between electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational (GR) radiation. This leads to the possibility of a Hertz-like experiment, in which EM waves are converted at the source into GR waves, and then back-converted at th...