Background: The present study examined the possible role of endogenous opioidergic system in effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors in male and female rats. Also, we investigated the effect of food deprivation on the plasma level of beta-endorphin and sex hormones. Methods: Food was withdrawn 48 h prior to performing the formalin test, but water continued to be ava...

seizure is the most common neurologic disorder in the pediatric age. obtaining thorough history and performing complete examination as well as electroencephalography (eeg) are very important in confirming the diagnosis and finding the cause. epileptiform activity may be enhanced by activating procedures including sleep deprivation. in this study we performed short duration (up to 8 hours) sleep...

The role of early visual experience in human infant development has been inferred primarily by studies of visual deprivation (e.g., cataracts). Another approach, described here, is to provide a detailed description of the visual input gathered by normal infants in their natural environment. Recently, several labs have begun the laborious process of obtaining video images from a head-mounted cam...

Young of altricial birds use conspicuous displays to solicit food from their parents. There is experimental evidence that the intensity of these displays is correlated with the level of food deprivation of young, and that parents respond to increased levels of solicitation by increasing the rate of food delivery to the nest. Game-theoretical models based on the handicap principle show that, whe...

Six adult female albino rats were subjected to operations known to increase the frequency of wheel-running. Operations included limited access to wheel, food deprivation, and protracted maintenance on a 24-hr feeding schedule. A distributional analysis of response duration, burst duration, and inter-burst interval showed that the increased frequency in all cases arose mainly from a shortening o...

Background:  Maternal sleep deprivation is known to reduce neurogenesis in the hippocampus during pregnancy. Also, it damages and impairs cognitive functions such as learning and memory in the neonates.  Objectives: Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract can play an important role in the treatment of cognitive impairments by inhibiting oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the r...

introduction: barrel cortex of rats is a part of somatosensory cortex, which receives information from facial whiskers. vibrisectomy by sensory deprivation leads to some changes in the barrel cortex, which have been known as experience dependent plasticity. on the other hand, norepinephrine (ne) and locus coeruleus, which is the main source of ne, influenced response properties of cortical barr...

Religious rituals that are painful or highly stressful are hypothesized to be costly signs of commitment essential for the evolution of complex society. Yet few studies have investigated how such extreme ritual practices were culturally transmitted in past societies. Here, we report the first study to analyze temporal and spatial variation in bloodletting rituals recorded in Classic Maya (ca. 2...

Animals can insure themselves against the risk of starvation associated with unpredictable food availability by storing energy reserves or gathering information about alternative food sources. The former strategy carries costs in terms of mass-dependent predation risk, while the latter trades off against foraging for food; both trade-offs may be influenced by an individual's developmental histo...