Tadpoles inhabit generally well oxygenated rivers and streams, nevertheless they were found in areas with limited oxygen availability inside the rivers. To assess this feature, I examined factors that influence centrolenid tadpole behaviour using Cochranella granulosa. The tadpoles were reared in well-oxygenated and hypoxic environments and their development, survivorship and growth were compar...

Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has been widely used to investigate spontaneous brain activity that exhibits correlated fluctuations. RSFC has been found to be changed along the developmental course and after learning. Here, we investigated whether and how visual learning modified the resting oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) functional brain connectivity by using functional near-infrare...

This paper discusses the accuracy of the optical determination of the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin content of human skin under the influence of a melanin layer for a multi-wavelengths imager. The relation between the nonlinear results by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and the modified Lambert Beer's law (MLB) is also clarified, emphasizing the importance of the absolute values of skin p...

Neuroimaging studies have been conducted using word generation tasks and have shown greater hypofrontality in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy subjects. In this study, we compared the characteristics of oxygenated hemoglobin changes involved in both phonological and categorical verbal fluency between 35 outpatients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy subjects during a Japanese "s...

The absorption spectrum of deoxygenated human hemoglobin differs from that of the isolated a! and /3 chains, and the difference has been ascribed to the conformational changes on which depends the cooperative ligand binding. Studies on hybrid-heme hemoglobins, in which one chain contains protoheme and the other chain mesoheme, showed that the prominent peak in the Soret region of the difference...

Macromolecules such as hemoglobin exert both kinetic and matrix effects on osmotic pressure. The kinetic osmotic pressure of sickle-cell hemoglobin is lost upon deoxygenation at physiological erythrocyte concentrations. The non-kinetic or matrix component of osmotic pressure remains relatively unchanged. Loss of thermal-osmotic activity during deoxygenation occurs throughout a hemoglobin concen...

The use of tissue transfer flaps has become a common and effective technique for reconstructing or replacing damaged tissue. While the overall failure rate associated with these procedures is relatively low (5-10%), the failure rate of tissue flaps that require additional surgery is significantly higher (40-60%). The reason for this is largely due to the absence of a technique for objectively a...