The illicit manufacture of methamphetamine (MAP) produces substantial amounts of hazardous waste that is dumped illegally. This study presents the first environmental evaluation of waste produced from illicit MAP manufacture. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was measured to assess immediate oxygen depletion effects. A mixture of five waste components (10mg/L/chemical) was found to have a COD (130 m...

[1] We report the experimental measurement of Fe-Mg interdiffusivity in olivine along the [001] crystallographic direction in a water-saturated environment at pressures of 0.1 to 6 GPa and temperatures between 1373 and 1450 K. The concentration of water-derived protons in olivine was controlled by varying the water fugacity. The oxygen fugacity was set by the Ni-NiO solid state reaction, while ...

The thermal stability of siderite (FeCO(3)) was studied by two independent methods in which the oxygen fugacity of the gas phase was controlled by equilibration with graphite. Both series of experiments indicate that siderite decomposes stably to magnetite + graphite between 455 degrees and 465 degrees C at 500 to 2000 bars PCO2 + P(CO).

Oxygen fugacity in metal-bearing systems controls some fundamental aspects of the geochemistry of the early Earth, such as the FeO and siderophile trace element content of the mantle, volatile species that influence atmospheric composition, and conditions for organic compounds synthesis. Redox and metal-silicate equilibria in the early Earth are sensitive to oxygen fugacity (fO(2)), yet are poo...

Siderophile elements are depleted in the Earth's mantle, relative to chondritic meteorites, as a result of equilibration with core-forming Fe-rich metal. Measurements of metal-silicate partition coefficients show that mantle depletions of slightly siderophile elements (e.g. Cr, V) must have occurred at more reducing conditions than those inferred from the current mantle FeO content. This implie...

Ferric/ferrous ratios have been used to estimate the oxygen fugacity of lavas erupted in 1984 on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii. Rapidly quenched lavas erupted close to vents are less oxidized than rapidly quenched lavas scooped from lava flows several kilometers away from the vents. These results demonstrate that sampling is of critical importance in determining the oxidation state of lava. The oxi...

[1] The water solubility in pyrope-rich garnet was determined between pressures of 5–9 GPa and temperatures of 1373– 1473 K under silica activity and oxygen fugacity similar to those expected in the Earth’s upper mantle. We found that pyrope-rich garnet has substantial water solubility up to 0.1 wt% under these conditions. In addition, the water content in garnet varied as a function of chemica...