Melting-point depression by soluble impurities is an entropy-driven phenomenon. Studying partially oxidized free sodium nanoparticles, we found an additional mechanism, which is caused by insoluble impurities. Oxidization of sodium clusters with 135-192 atoms by a single oxygen molecule causes a melting-point depression of 17+/-6 K; additional oxygen amplifies the effect. This is in contrast to...

H(2) can be obtained from glucose by fermentation at mesophilic temperatures, but here we demonstrate that hydrogen can also be obtained from glucose at low temperatures using microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). H(2) was produced from glucose at 4°C in single-chamber MECs at a yield of about 6 mol H(2)mol(-1) glucose, and at rates of 0.25±0.03-0.37±0.04 m(3) H(2)m(-3)d(-1). Pyrosequencing of 1...

The machining characteristics of the nanolithographic process were studied using atomic force microscopy. Nano-oxidation experiments were conducted to investigate the influence that the different experimental parameters had on height, width and the growth rate of the nanowires and nanodots as well as upon the machining efficiency. The experimental parameters included; the applied voltage, humid...

The stable yellow nanosilver (AgNP) and blue nanosilver (AgNPB) sols were prepared by the NaBH4 procedure. The new nanocatalytic reaction of AgNP-NaCl-H2O2 was investigated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption, resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The autocatalytic oxidization of Ag on AgNP surf...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of thermal oxidation on the corrosion behavior of Ti-5Ag alloy. METHODS The microstructure of Ti-5Ag alloy without and with thermal oxidization treatment were characterized, with commercial pure (CP) Ti as control, by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (...

The surface regeneration or de-sulfurization process of a sulfur-poisoned (i.e. sulfur-covered) nickel surface by O2 and H2O has been studied sing first-principles calculations with proper thermodynamic corrections. While O2 is more effective than H2O in removing the sulfur atoms dsorbed on nickel surface, it readily reacts with the regenerated Ni surface, leading to over-oxidization of Ni. Thu...

The long-term (6 months) oxidization of hcp-InN (wurtzite, InN-w) nanostructures (crystalline/amorphous) synthesized on Si [100] substrates is analyzed. The densely packed layers of InN-w nanostructures (5-40 nm) are shown to be oxidized by atmospheric oxygen via the formation of an intermediate amorphous In-Ox-Ny (indium oxynitride) phase to a final bi-phase hcp-InN/bcc-In2O3 nanotexture. High...

Clostridium ultunense BS is the first isolated strain (type strain) of C. ultunense that was identified as a mesophilic syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacterium (SAOB). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain, which will help us to elucidate the mechanism of syntrophic acetate oxidization.