objective(s): quinolinic acid (qa)-mediated excitotoxicity has been widely used as a model for studying neurodegenerative disorders. recent studies suggested that saffron (crocus sativus) or its active metabolite, i.e. safranal, exerts pharmacological actions on central nervous system including anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective properties. the present study aimed to investigate th...

Introduction: Toxic effects of pesticides are commonly associated with reactive oxygen species damage and pentoxifylline a phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a drug well known for antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidative damages following a subacute exposure to malathion, an organophosphorus insecticide and pentoxifylline's ability to counteract these effect...

zno nps (zinc oxide nanoparticles) has generated significant scientific interest as a novel antibacterial and anticancer agent. since oxidative stress is a critical determinant of zno nps-induced damage, it is necessary to characterize their underlying mode of action. different structural and physicochemical properties of zno nps such as particle surface, size, shape, crystal structure, chemica...

Free radicals are normally produced by living organism, at controlled production rate they perform physiological functions as signal transduction molecules. However, situations leading to an overproduction that surpasses antioxidant capacity creates oxidative stress. Consequently, damage to the cell membrane, protein, DNA and cell death are observed. Dairy cattle are susceptible to oxidative st...

alzheimer is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which oxidative stress plays a major role. the present study was designed to investigate neuroprotective effect of lornoxicam, selegiline and co-administration of both drugs in scopolamine induced cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. scopolamine (1.4mg/kg) was administered intraperitoniallyin male wistar rats. rectangular maze perf...

Oxygen is an essential element to conduct life processes but some of the metabolic byproducts e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), are toxic for living organisms. Endogenous ROS are produced e.g. reduction of dioxygen; some exogenous sources of radicals also exist, including nicotine and ionizing radiation. Reactive oxygen species include superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hydro...