A model-based approach is applied to robustly control torque generation in four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engines. Discrete event engine model (DEM) is adopted to describe the torque generation process consisting of discrete combustion strokes. Disturbance observer (DOB) is utilized to achieve robust stability and performance of the torque generation process. For a single-input, single-output ...

A novel design of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) control moment gyroscope (MCMG) was proposed in this paper in order to generate a torque output with a magnitude of 10(-6) N·m. The MCMG consists of two orthogonal angular vibration systems, i.e., the rotor and gimbal; the coupling between which is based on the Coriolis effect and will cause a torque output in the direction perpendicular...

Vector control techniques have made possible the application of PMSM motors for high performance applications where traditionally only dc drives were applied. The vector control scheme enables the control of the PMSM in the same way as a separately excited DC motor operated with a current-regulated armature supply where then the torque is proportional to the product of armature current and the ...

Isokinetic contraction is the muscular contraction that accompanies constant velocity limb movements around a joint. The velocity of movement is maintained constant by a special dynamometer. The resistance of the dynamometer is equal to the muscular forces applied throughout the range of movement. This method allows the measurement of the muscular forces in dynamic conditions and provides optim...

In the previous paper in ICAT2002, we reported that a non-grounded palm-top torque display "GyroCube" was developed. Although it requires no grounding base for supporting the counter torque to the objective one, and consequently is suitable for mobile use, it generates superfluous negative resetting torque after presenting the objective one in terms of principle. When the control voltage is inc...

Random torque disturbances generated by magnetic bearings eccentric magnetic force have negative effects on the output torque precision of the magnetic suspended reaction flywheel(MSRFW). In order to eliminate the negative effects, dynamic models of flywheel system including motor and the buck DC-DC converter are established and a synergetic control approach for speed mode operation is presente...

CONTEXT Weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) exercises are commonly used in rehabilitation programs for patients with anterior knee pain (AKP). OBJECTIVE To determine the immediate effects of isolated WB or NWB knee-extension exercises on quadriceps torque output and activation in individuals with AKP. DESIGN A single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING Laboratory. PA...