Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and other types of “sin taxes” are usually introduced at the local level supply side; efficacy such taxes is challenged by tax avoidance behavior. In this study, we evaluate impact beverage in Seattle, WA; Boulder, CO; Cook County, IL (Chicago); Philadelphia, PA, two cities San Francisco Bay Area California (Berkeley Oakland). We use grocery scanner data relyi...

To drink a little or to drink a lot (and how often), that is your question. Depending on how it's consumed, alcohol can be a pleasant, life-enhancing libation; but it can also be a misused, problematic substance. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) [2], lower-risk drinking is no more than three drinks a day and no more than seven drinks per week for folks...

To drink a little or to drink a lot (and how often), that is your question. Depending on how it's consumed, alcohol can be a pleasant, life-enhancing libation; but it can also be a misused, problematic substance. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) [2], lower-risk drinking is no more than three drinks a day and no more than seven drinks per week for folks...

Chocolate has become a part of everyday life throughout the world. Many enjoy different chocolate selections such as cake, ice cream, chocolate bars, etc. as desserts. Furthermore, chocolate has solidified itself as a common gift during many holidays such as Valentine’s Day, Easter, Halloween and Christmas, making it a highly lucrative industry, valued at over $80 billion a year. Europeans, spe...

A Mohamedan male, aged about 40 years, was admitted into the dispensary with a rightsided inguinal hernia, of about three years' duration. He was prepared for operation next day. On the morning of the operation, he was given l/6th grain of morphia hypodermically after an enema and the same dose was repeated half an hour before the operation. Four ounces of novocaine solution of a strength of fo...

1884, saying that, since four days, he had been troubled with hiccough. The hospital assistant gave him thirty minims Spt. of chloroform in an ounce of water. In the evening he returned with the same complaint, and had another dose of the same medicine. On the morning of 2nd October 1884, he was no better, and was admitted as an indoor patient. A purgative was given, and a blister applied over ...