We wish to thank Dr Hetzler for his favorable comments regarding our manuscript promoting ergonomic posturing during otologic procedures and for the additional insights that he provided for time spent in the operating room. We enjoyed reading his recommendations for a periodic “seventh-inning stretch” and encouraging all personnel to partake in such activities. There are other factors that infl...

Temporomandibular joint herniation (TMJ) can be caused by inflammation, trauma, tumor, or otologic procedures. However, spontaneous TMJ herniation can also occur as a result of a congenital bony defect in the external auditory canal (EAC), known as the patent foramen of Huschke (PFH), and occurs in 0.4% of the population. Herein, the authors present a case of spontaneous TMJ herniation through ...

introduction: adequate pain control is an important consideration in the post-surgical management of patients. local nerve blockade added to general anesthesia can provide excellent pain control during and after most nasal surgical procedures. the aim of this study was to determine the combined effect of local anesthetic drugs with corticosteroids in nasal surgery. materials and methods: in thi...

chylothorax in adult occurs most commonly in the wake of cardiac and thoracic procedures. injuries to the  common thoracic duct in the thorax or its branches in the mediastinum, injuries to the thymus tissues, dissection of the superior vena cava or ascending aorta, dissection of the aortic arch, disruption of the accessory lymphatics in the left or right thorax, and increased pressure in the s...

primary cardiac sarcomas are rare clinical entities with an incidence rate of 0.0001% in collected autopsy series and are regarded as very aggressive tumors. we herein describe a 21-year-old woman presenting with syncope, dyspnea, and abdominal distention. she suffered from massive ascites, plural effusion, and liver congestion demonstrated by abdominal sonography and chest x-ray. transthoracic...

there are many techniques for reconstruction after total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. the use of a transposed stomach to restore gastrointestinal continuity, and this combined cervical and abdominal approach for pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and gastric pull up has become one of the most popular. this retrospective study is a review of 50 consecutive iranian patients who underwent pharyngolaryn...

conclusions by using the normal angle kappa determined in this study, pseudodeviations can be identified more precisely in those who might undergo keratorefractive surgery. results a total of 977 healthy participants who aged 18 to 45 years were included consecutively. the study population consisted of 614 females and 363 males. the average angle kappa was 5.00º ± 1.36º at 240.21º ± 97.17º in m...

Endoscopy is advantageous in many aspects of pediatric ear surgery, especially for tympanoplasty and cholesteatoma. The narrower pediatric meatus can restrict access for a totally endoscopic approach, but when possible, avoidance of an external incision is greatly appreciated by children. In cholesteatoma surgery, less residual disease and better hearing from ossicular preservation are achievab...