PURPOSE The optic cup is created through invagination of the optic vesicle. The morphogenetic rearrangement creates a double-layered cup, with a hinge (the Optic Cup Lip) where the epithelium bends back upon itself. Shortly after the optic cup forms, it is thought to be sub-divided into separate lineages: i) pigmented epithelium in the outer layer; ii) presumptive iris and ciliary body at the m...

food dehydration process in several reasons, causes deteriorate qualitative characteristics in final products. it is necessary to use some pretreatments such as osmotic dehydration. in this research, during osmotic dehydration of pear rings, the effects of concentration of sucrose solutions of 50 and 60 percent (w/w), in constant temperature of 30ºc, and reconstitution of osmotic solutions (unt...

Centrifugal atomization of metal melts is a cost-effective process for powder production and spray deposition. The properties of the as-produced powder and deposit are determined primarily by the characteristics of the atomized droplets, which in turn are largely dependent on the flow development of the melt on the atomizer. This paper develops a model for analysing the flow development of a fu...

Let $$F_1$$ and $$F_2$$ be two disjoint graphs. The union $$F_1\cup F_2$$ is a graph with vertex set $$V(F_1)\cup V(F_2)$$ edge $$E(F_1)\cup E(F_2)$$ , the join $$F_1+F_2$$ E(F_2)\cup \{xy\;|\; x\in V(F_1)\hbox { } y\in V(F_2)\}$$ . In this paper, we present characterization to $$(P_5, K_1\cup K_3)$$ -free graphs, prove that $$\chi (G)\le 2\omega (G)-1$$ if G -free. Based on result, further $$ ...

The use of acetabular cup revision arthroplasty is on the rise as demands for total hip arthroplasty, improved life expectancies, and the need for individual activity increase. For an acetabular cup revision to be successful, the cup should gain stable fixation within the remaining supportive bone of the acetabulum. Since the patient's remaining supportive acetabular bone stock plays an importa...

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of age, eye refraction, and disc area on topographic parameters of the optic nerve head in normal volunteers, using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. METHODS Seventy-seven eyes of 77 normal volunteers were examined by scanning laser tomography. The topographic parameters analyzed were disc area, cup area, cup/disc area ratio, rim area, cup volume, rim volume,...

Recently, navigation systems have been more widely utilized in total hip arthroplasty. However, almost all of these systems have been developed for cementless cups. In the case of cemented total hip arthroplasty using a navigation system, a special-ordered cemented holder is needed. We propose a novel cemented cup-holding technique for navigation systems using readily available articles. We com...

In recent years, hydroforming process has been applied in different industries such as aerospace, automotive and military industries due to its advantages, such as high dimensional accuracy, capability of forming complicated parts and high drawing ratio. Hydrodynamic deep drawing with radial pressure is one type of hydroforming process. In this paper, forming of cylindrical cups in hydrodynamic...