PURPOSE To evaluate whether the lack of diversity in plastic and orthopedic surgery persists into hand surgery through assessment of trainee demographics. METHODS Demographic data were obtained from compilations on graduate medical education by the Journal of the American Medical Association. Ethnic diversity was assessed using the proportions of minority trainees. We analyzed the trends in e...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have shown increased hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis undergoing surgery. However, there are little data available in cirrhotics undergoing orthopedic surgery compared to cirrhotics who did not undergo surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the demographics, comorbid conditions, and clinical factors associated with hepatic decompensat...

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to: (1) Identify preoperative factors that may contribute to a patient's ability to return to driving after orthopedic surgery. (2) Understand the role of upper-extremity immobilization and how it may impair a patient's ability to operate a motor vehicle. (3) Recognize how various forms of lower-extremity immo...

ANESTHESIA FOR ORTHOPEDIC AND spinal surgery provides a multitude of challenges. Children often present with concomitant diseases that aff ect cardiovascular and respiratory function. Th e ability to maintain a clear airway during anesthesia is not straightforward in some of these children (e.g., those with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita).1 Operating times can be protracted. Signifi cant bl...

background: postoperative pain is a common side effect following surgery that can significantly reduce surgical quality and patient’s satisfaction. treatment options are morphine and buprenorphine. we aimed to compare the efficacy of a single dose of intravenous morphine with sublingual buprenorphine in postoperative pain control following closed reduction surgery. methods: this triple blind cl...