Axon-axon interactions have been implicated in neural circuit assembly, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that in the Drosophila antennal lobe, early-arriving axons of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) from the antenna are required for the proper targeting of late-arriving ORN axons from the maxillary palp (MP). Semaphorin-1a is required for targeting of all MP ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible bone in a large cohort of patients with oral cancer. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of patients with oral cancer and identified those with ORN of the mandible bone. Variables of patients with and without ORN were compared and associated factors were investigated by...

The bacterial second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) controls biofilm formation and other phenotypes relevant to pathogenesis. Cyclic-di-GMP is synthesized by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs). Phosphodiesterases (PDE-As) end signaling by linearizing c-di-GMP to 5'-phosphoguanylyl-(3',5')-guanosine (pGpG), which is then hydrolyzed to two GMP molecules by yet unidentified enzymes termed PDE-Bs. We ...

Results Out of 386 scans, 41 cases demonstrated abnormal increased bony/cartilaginous uptake. Of which 22 were confirmed as residual local osseous involvement of preexisting bony disease, 8 due to disease recurrence at new sites of bone/cartilage, 7 due to benign causes such as dental infection, and 4 due to ORN with no previous local osseous involvement. The incidence of ORN is 1.0% (4/136) of...

BACKGROUND Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is recognized as an adjunctive treatment for osteoradionecrosis (ORN). It may also be used prophylactically in patients who require dental extractions and are at high risk for developing ORN. This article reviews the treatment outcomes of patients treated with HBO therapy at the Toronto General Hospital from 1985 to 1997. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tota...

OBJECTIVE Determine the presence of nasopharynx biofilms in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and patients with NPC but no ORN. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary referral medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We enrolled 27 patients with NPC from our outpatient clinic during January 2010 to June 2012. These patients were diagnosed wit...

Escherichia coli possesses only one essential oligoribonuclease (Orn), an enzyme that can degrade oligoribonucleotides of five residues and shorter in length (nanoRNA). Firmicutes including Bacillus subtilis do not have an Orn homolog. We had previously identified YtqI (NrnA) as functional analog of Orn in B. subtilis. Screening a genomic library from B. subtilis for genes that can complement a...

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in the head and neck area is the most devastating long-term complication of radiotherapy, with slow progression and inability to heal spontaneously. ORN can lead to intolerable pain, fractures, and sequestration of devitalized bone and fistulae, making oral feeding impossible and causing facial deformation. In spite of its notorious reputation over at least 90 years, th...

Object Relationship Notation (ORN) is a declarative scheme that permits a variety of common types of relationships to be conveniently defined to a Database Management System (DBMS), thereby allowing the DBMS to automatically enforce their semantics. Though first proposed for object DBMSs, ORN is applicable to any data model that represents binary entity-relationships or to any DBMS that impleme...

BACKGROUND Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the hyoid bone sometimes induces severe front neck infection and can cause laryngeal stenosis and carotid rupture. Although ORN of the hyoid bone is known to be a complication of chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer, there has been no basis for its evaluation. Our purpose is to present the clinical and MR imaging features of ORN of the hyoid bone. ...