Mate-guarding is an important determinant of male reproductive success in a number of species. However, it is known to potentially incur costs. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of mate-guarding on male physiological stress and aggression in long-tailed macaques, a species in which males mate-guard females to a lesser extent than predicted by the Priority of Access model (Po...

Precopulatory mate-guarding in aquatic crustaceans is known to have immediate costs for the guarding male. The extent to which guarding behavior may reduce future reproductive opportunities, however, is less established. We examined the survival and antennae length, suggested to be important in detecting receptive females, in male freshwater isopods (Asellus aquaticus) collected paired or unpai...

We present a reliable method to generate planar meshes of nonlinear rational triangular elements. The elements are guaranteed be valid, i.e. defined by injective functions. mesh is conform exactly, without geometric error, arbitrary domain boundary and feature curves. generalizes the recent Bézier Guarding technique, which applicable only polynomial curves This generalization enables accurate h...

Precopulatory mate guarding (PCMG) is generally assumed to be costly for both sexes. However, males may gain by displaying long-lasting mate guarding under strong male-male competition. Surprisingly, the potential for females to benefit from being held by males has been largely overlooked in previous studies. In Gammarus pulex, an amphipod crustacean, PCMG lasts several weeks, yet females are d...