نتایج جستجو برای: oriented and top
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Feature Oriented Design Analysis (FODA) diagrams present the design of feature-oriented software applications. In some cases, however, the actual implementation of such an application does not correspond to the design that was set forward by the FODA diagram. Such discrepancies are referred to as the gap between design and implementation. We present a bottom-up approach for generating FODA diag...
For the specification and development of large, distributed, and object-oriented systems, it is often advocated that individual components should be developed in an aspectwise manner, where separate descriptions depict various roles or viewpoints of the objects considered. The introduction of such partial specifications requires extra care when reasoning about systems as several specifications ...
L. Walker This paper discusses the use of service-oriented architecture (SOA) as one of the key elements supporting business transformation at IBM. It describes the internal SOA strategy, SOA governance, organizational impacts, and several IBM internal SOA case studies. The top-down and bottom-up approaches to promoting SOA within the enterprise are also illustrated, along with a set of SOA bus...
An Interorganizational Business Process (IOBP) is an organized group of joined activities carried out by two or more organizations to achieve a common business objective. A consequence of this is that business process modelling and design used inside an organization have to be enhanced and extended to cope with interorganizational business particularities. Thus, methods are required to describe...
This paper discusses an approach for top-down composition of software architectures. First, an architecture is derived that addresses functional requirements only. This architecture contains a number of variability points which are next filled in to address quality concerns. The quality requirements and associated architectural solution fragments are captured in a so-called Feature-Solution (FS...
In this age of complex business landscapes, many enterprises turn to SOA for aligning their IT portfolio with their business. Because of the enormous business risk involved with replacing an enterprise’s IT landscape, a stepwise migration to SOA is required. As a first step, they need to understand and assess the current structure of their legacy systems. Based on existing reverse engineering t...
The principal aim of the GOLD project (Grid-based Information Models to Support the Rapid Innovation of New High Value-Added Chemicals) is to carry out research into enabling technology to support the formation, operation and termination of Virtual Organisations (VOs). This technology has been implemented in the form of a set of middleware components, which address issues such as trust, securit...
Service Oriented Enterprises (SOEs) outsource their functionalities via third party web services. Therefore, there is a need for a systematic approach to manage the cooperation of the services. SOEs perform their functionalities in an extremely dynamic environment. Changes that happen to a SOE are categorized in two types: top-down changes and bottom-up changes. This paper considers top-down ch...
building on previous studies on intellectual features and learners’ grammar learning, the present study aimed at investigating whether intelligence criterion had any impact on efl learners’ english grammar learning across two intelligence levels. in the current study, the participants were divided into two experimental and control groups by administration of raven i.q. test. this led to the for...
muhammad ibn muhammad ibn numan, known as "shaykh mufid," one of the great imamiye theologians and jurists in the fourth and early fifth century , had comprehensive mastery of both rational and traditional topics and exerted his influence upon both his contemporary and future scholors. he is considered to be one of the top imamiye scholars who spent his lifetime teaching, learning and authorin...
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