Lichens were investigated in Brazil a small area along the Roosevelt River Amazonas; 25 species are first reports for Brazil, and 190 additional records Amazonas state. As many as 24 described that new to science: Allographa lineatipruinosa, variopruinata, Arthonia xanthopycnidiata, Astrothelium aurantioseptemseptatum, bulbosum, coloratum, inspersonovemseptatum, insulare, laureroides, marjolein...

Cyanogenesis denotes a chemical defensive strategy where hydrogen cyanide (HCN, hydrocyanic or prussic acid) is produced, stored, and released toward an attacking enemy. The high toxicity and volatility of HCN requires both chemical stabilization for storage and prevention of accidental self-poisoning. The few known cyanogenic animals are exclusively mandibulate arthropods (certain myriapods an...

The chemical structures of the glucans, galactoglucomannans and galactomannoglucans of two species of the Cladonia, section Cocciferae, Cladonia miniata and Cladonia salmonea, were determined and compared. alpha-D-Glucans of the nigeran type were isolated from both species, in common with all Cladonia spp., along with galactoglucomannans containing (1-->6)-linked main-chains of alpha-D-Manp uni...

Among the predatory ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera), members of Coccinellini, predators aphids and psyllids, stand out. Although beneficial status these has been acknowledged by biological control researchers, there are no keys or detailed studies on immature stages South American Coccinellidae, especially Coccinellini. We provide descriptions illustrations immatures adults major C...