This chapter describes nominal constructions in the Central variety of Taleshi (Northwestern Iranian). In Taleshi, noun phrases and majority adpositional are head-final. Some modifiers as well complement postpositions linked to head phrase by a linking element––known Reverse Ezafe (Stilo 2004). this chapter, we show that appearing with possessors adpositions is different from attributive adject...

The ability to sense intracellular or intraorganellar reduction/oxidation conditions would provide a powerful tool for studying normal cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Genetically encoded biosensors enable monitoring of the intracellular redox environment. We report the development of chimeric polypeptides useful as redox-sensitive linkers in conjunction with Förster resonanc...

Cell shape changes such as cytokinesis are driven by the actomyosin contractile cytoskeleton. The molecular rearrangements that bring about contractility in nonmuscle cells are currently debated. Specifically, both filament sliding by myosin motors, as well as cytoskeletal cross-linking by myosins and nonmotor cross-linkers, are thought to promote contractility. Here we examined how the abundan...

Cross-linking/mass spectrometry resolves protein-protein interactions or protein folds by help of distance constraints. Cross-linkers with specific properties such as isotope-labeled or collision-induced dissociation (CID)-cleavable cross-linkers are in frequent use to simplify the identification of cross-linked peptides. Here, we analyzed the mass spectrometric behavior of 910 unique cross-lin...

This paper presents a method for the systematic and automated design of flexible organic linkers for construction of metal organic-frameworks (MOFs) in which flexibility, compliance, or other mechanically exotic properties originate at the linker level rather than from the framework kinematics. Our method couples a graph grammar method for systematically generating linker like molecules with mo...

The assembly status of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) on the cell surface is of interest because the multimerization of GPCR could play pivotal roles in cellular functions. A bivalent ligand with polyproline linkers for CXCR4 has been shown to serve as a "molecular ruler" as a result of the rigid structure of polyproline helices. To expand the utility of the ligands with rigid linkers and e...

Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels changing their volumes and shapes in response to various stimulations have potential applications in multiple fields. However, these hydrogels have not yet been commercialized due to some problems that need to be overcome. One of the most significant problems is that conventional stimuli-sensitive hydrogels are usually brittle. Here we prepare extremely stretchable t...

Solid-state white-light emission was achieved from polystyrene (PS) microbeads incorporated with fluorophores based on perylene bisimide (PBITEG) and oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV) as acrylic cross-linkers. The PS beads incorporated with only PBITEG gave intense orange-red emission; PS incorporated with OPV exhibited blue-emission, whereas a series of polymers incorporating both cross-linkers...

We report a novel synthetic procedure for the high-yield synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with fcu topology UiO-66-like structure starting from range commercial ZrIV precursors and various substituted dicarboxylic linkers. The syntheses are carried out by grinding in ball mill reagents, namely, Zr salts linkers, presence small amount acetic acid water (1 mL total volume 1 mmol each ...

1. Peptoids 419 2. Oligocarbamates 420 3. Oligoureas 420 4. Vinylogous Sulfonyl Peptides 420 5. Peptidosulfonamides 420 6. Azatides 420 7. Ketides 420 D. Small Molecule Libraries 420 1. Acyclic Libraries 422 2. Libraries on Preformed Scaffolds 422 3. Heterocyclic Libraries 423 4. Structurally Heterogeneous Libraries 427 E. Cleavable Linkers 428 1. Single Cleavable Linkers 428 2. Multiply Cleava...