Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus encoding at least 69 distinct viral proteins which causes chickenpox after primary infection and shingles during reactivation and which is particularly important in pregnancy and immunocompromised patients. Current serodiagnostic tests are either based on whole cell lysates or glycoprotein preparations. In order to investigate the humoral immu...

orf, also known as contagious pustular dermatitis, is anexanthemous disease caused by a parapox virus. it is usuallya benign locally self‑limiting illness; it can have systemiccomplication or progressive infected locations can include thefinger, hand, arm, and face. development of erythema multiformefollowing orf infection is very rare. in islamic populations suchas those of iran, orf can be ob...

herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) is a neurotropic pathogen of humans that establishes latent infection in the sensory ganglia innervating the site of primary infection. a number of genes control hsv-1 pathogenicity and latency. open reading frame p (orf p) is one of these genes that might have a role in latency and pathogenesis. a complication in the analysis of the role of orf p in the hsv-...

According to interpretations of results from the latest oral reading fluency (ORF) study conducted by National Assessment Educational Progress (White et al., 2020), fourth-grade students who score below basic standard require interventions that focus on word recognition, phonological decoding, and fluency. Before such mandates for at middle grades beyond are enacted, available information ORF a...

INTRODUCTION Orf and milker's nodule are zoonotic cutaneous diseases generated by parapoxviruses. Contribution of dermoscopy to the diagnosis of these diseases has not been studied in the medical literature as to our knowledge. AIM To investigate whether dermoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool in orf and milker's nodule diagnosis or not. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, macroscopic and ...