Lipids and proteins are organized in cellular membranes in clusters, often called 'lipid rafts'. Although raft-constituent ordered lipid domains are thought to be energetically unfavourable for membrane fusion, rafts have long been implicated in many biological fusion processes. For the case of HIV gp41-mediated membrane fusion, this apparent contradiction can be resolved by recognizing that th...

Sophisticated decision support systems (DSS) can reduce preventable medical errors. A standalone DSS prototype was built to identify drug-disease mismatches in the electronic medical record (EMR). When drugs fail to match a known problem on the problem list (drug orphans), either the problem list is deficient or the drug was ordered in error. We tested the performance of an integrated DSS proto...

in an earlier work we showed that for ordered fields f not isomorphic to the reals r, there are continuous 1-1 unctions on [0, 1]f which map some interior point to a boundary point of the image (and so are not open). here we show that over closed bounded intervals in the rationals q as well as in all non-archimedean ordered fields of countable cofinality, there are uniformly continuous 1-1 func...

let $s$ be an ordered semigroup. a fuzzy subset of $s$ is anarbitrary mapping   from $s$ into $[0,1]$, where $[0,1]$ is theusual interval of real numbers. in this paper,  the concept of fuzzygeneralized bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup $s$ is introduced.regular ordered semigroups are characterized by means of fuzzy leftideals, fuzzy right ideals and fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals.finally, two m...

A square matrix is said to be circular bidiagonal whenever (i) each nonzero entry on the diagonal, or subdiagonal, in top-right corner; (ii) subdiagonal nonzero, and corner nonzero. Let F denote a field, let V finite-dimensional vector space over F. We consider an ordered pair of F-linear maps A:V→V A⁎:V→V that satisfy following two conditions: there exists basis for with respect which represen...

We examine the evolving structure of the US hospital industry since 1970, focusing on how ownership form influences entry and exit behavior. We develop theoretical predictions based on the model of Lakdawalla and Philipson, in which for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals differ regarding their objectives and costs of capital. The model predicts for-profits would be quicker to enter and exit th...

Consider a two-server, ordered entry, queuing system with heterogeneous servers and finite waiting rooms in front of the servers. Service times are negative exponentially distributed. The arrival process is deterministic. A matrix solution for the steady state probabilities of the number of customers in the system is derived. The overflow probability will be used to formulate the stability cond...

The lattice of monotone triangles (Mn,≤) ordered by entry-wise comparisons is studied. Let τmin denote the unique minimal element in this lattice, and τmax the unique maximum. The number of r-tuples of monotone triangles (τ1, . . . , τr) with minimal infimum τmin (maximal supremum τmax, resp.) is shown to asymptotically approach r|Mn| as n → ∞. Thus, with high probability this event implies tha...

The usual monad laws can directly be used as rewrite rules for Isabelle’s simplifier to normalise monadic HOL terms and decide equivalences. In a commutative monad, however, the commutativity law is a higher-order permutative rewrite rule that makes the simplifier loop. This AFP entry implements a simproc that normalises monadic expressions in commutative monads using ordered rewriting. The sim...