To access the efficient inventory system, managers should consider all the situations that have happened in reality. One of these situations is the presence of the defective items in each received lot and the other situation is being the group of customers that do not wait to fulfill their requirements from the vendor and choose another one to get their orders so the proportion of the backorder...

Drug has a great and crucial role inboth the health systems and the quality of life, and thereforeits shortage can cause death.In order to the important role of drugs,pharmaceutical supply chain(PSC) shouldensure that drugs are delivered to people in the right time with the best quality.On the other hand, thesupply chain (SC) members depend on each other for resources and information, and it ha...

In this paper, a newsboy model is developed under uniformly distributed lead-time and demand that is an appropriate assumption in obtaining optimal relief inventory of humanitarian disasters. It is noteworthy that limited historical data are in hand on relief operations. Hence, analytical and approximate solutions for optimal relief order quan­tity were derived. The effect of lead-time uncertai...

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