The effect of the digestive microflora on oral tolerance to ovalbumin was studied by using axenic (germfree) and conventional C3H/HeJ mice. In contrast to reported results of studies with sheep erythrocytes, oral administration of ovalbumin induced tolerance in axenic mice, but the maintenance of tolerance was found to be of shorter duration than was with conventional mice. These data indicate ...

Oral galactose tolerance tests were performed on 56 patients with liver disease, 31 with diabetes mellitus and 17 normal subjects. Intravenous galactose tolerance tests were done on 25 liver disease, 6 diabetes mellitus and 6 normal subjects. Each liver disease was histologically comfirmed by needle biopsy under laparoscopy. Serum galactose and glucose were measured gaschromatographically. Oral...

The tolerance of volunteer patients to various ferrous salt preparations, administered orally in equivalent doses of elemental iron, has been compared. The palatability of ferrous sulphate tablets, BP, given before meals was not improved by administration after meals, by sustained release formulation, or by substituting other ferrous salts. Intolerance was related to the number of tablets rathe...

Oral tolerance induction is a key feature of intestinal immunity, generating systemic nonresponsiveness to ingested antigens. In this study, we report that orally applied soluble antigens are exclusively recognized in the intestinal immune system, particularly in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Consequently, the initiation of oral tolerance is impeded by mesenteric lymphadenectomy. Small bowel tran...

Background : Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a non-cytopathic virus, and the hepatocellular injury that occurs as a consequence of HBV infection is mediated by the host antiviral immune response. Subjects with natural tolerance to HBV have minimal or no liver injury despite chronic viremia. We have shown that immune tolerance towards viruses can be induced by oral administration of viral proteins. A...