An 11-year-old boy developed severe syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) after diagnosis of an intracranial B-cell lymphoma. His sodium levels dropped to 118-120 mmol/L despite 70% fluid restriction. For chemotherapy, he required hyperhydration, which posed a challenge because of severe hyponatraemia. Tolvaptan is an oral, highly selective arginine vasopressin V2-rec...

OBJECTIVE The National Roadside Survey is a study undertaken in the United States to determine the prevalence of alcohol and drugs in randomly selected drivers. Following the success of a 2006 pilot study, the 2007 survey incorporated, for the first time, the collection of biological specimens for drug analysis. This article compares the results obtained from blinded analyses of pairs of oral f...

ABSTR ACT: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) introduces a unique set of nutritional challenges for the growing and developing child. This article addresses initial evaluation and ongoing assessment of a child with CKD. It aims to provide an overview of nutritional challenges unique to a pediatric patient with CKD and practical management guidelines. Caloric assessment in children with CKD is critica...

A 47-year-old woman presented with seizures secondary to euvolaemic hyponatraemia. A collateral history revealed recent increased oral fluid intake and increased use of herbal remedies including valerian root over the New Year period. There was no history of psychiatric disease to support psychogenic polydipsia. She responded to careful sodium replacement in the intensive care unit and was disc...

Patients with chronic renal failure treated by dialysis must often restrict their fluid intake. Children find this restriction one of the most difficult aspects of treatment by dialysis, particularly if dialysis was preceded by a phase of polyuria. As a result many children experience episodes of fluid overload, which may have fatal consequences. Fluid removal by dialysis may be slow to begin a...

A close cooperation between medical teams is necessary when calculating the fluid intake of parenterally fed patients. Fluids supplied parenterally, orally and enterally, other infusions, and additional fluid losses (e.g. diarrhea) must be considered. Targeted diagnostic monitoring (volume status) is required in patients with disturbed water or electrolyte balance. Fluid requirements of adults ...

OBJECTIVE To examine oral nutritional intake in the perioperative phase in elderly hip fracture patients treated according to a well-defined multi-modal rehabilitation program, including unselected oral nutritional supplementation, and to identify independent risk factors for insufficient nutritional intake. DESIGN Prospective, descriptive. SETTING A specialised hip fracture unit at the dep...

dental status may influence food intake. the aim of this review was to summarize the earlier investigations on the association between food intake and dental status. we searched the electronic databases of pubmed and the cochrane library for articles published until 30 february, 2012. to reach the related published articles, medical subject heading (mesh) terms of ‘oral health,’ ‘masticatory pe...

BACKGROUND Symptomatic hyponatremia is considered a rare complication of oral bowel preparation for colonoscopy. The pathophysiology underlying this phenomenon has been widely regarded as a mere sequela of excessive arginine vasopressin (AVP) release. CASE PRESENTATION This case describes a 61-year old woman who developed acute hyponatremic encephalopathy when preparing for elective outpatien...