This study investigates the relationship between extraversion/introversion personality dimension and the use of strategic competence (SC) in oral referential communication by Iranian EFL learners. Referential communication refers to a kind of guided communication in which the referents (or topics) are given to the speakers to convey their meanings to the listeners. 50 sophomore English stud...

the present study intended to propose a causal model of factors that would predict oral communication apprehension (oca) of iranian learners of english as a foreign language. to conduct the study, 135 male and female university students majoring in english were selected. five variables including: learners’self-esteem and introversion/extroversion(as independent variables), their gender and prof...

English is a basic prerequisite for people to achieve accomplishments in various fields. In today’s age, students are well-diverse eclectic mechanisms enhance one’s skills. The 21st century learners have embraced the new way of acquiring skills through combination internet sources and mobile applications. This research was done at Advance Institute Technology (AIT) assess efficacy smartphone pr...

This study investigates the factors influencing the oral communication strategies of technological university students in Taiwan. Ninety-eight sophomore students of Lunghwa University of Science and Technology participated in it. Nakatani’s Oral Communication Strategy Inventory (OCSI) (2006), along with the demographics and English learning backgrounds of students, was used to collect data. Des...

Oral cavity contains large numbers of microorganisms. Dental plaque is composed of bacteria in a matrix of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular polysaccharides which displays extensive interactions while forming biofilm structures, carrying out physiological functions, and inducing microbial pathogenesis. Our emerging view of the microbial world is one in which individual bacteria exert the...