There are fewer problems encountered with optical voltage transducers in comparison with their inductive and capacitive counterparts. Although capacitive and inductive transformers are used vastly for the purpose of measurement and protection in the networks, they cause problems such as core saturation and improper transient responses which decrease the accuracy of measurement and eficiency of ...

Noise evolution in an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) differs essentially from that of an optical parametric or a conventional laser amplifier, in that an incoherent pedestal is produced by superfluorescence that can overwhelm the signal under strong saturation. Using a model for the nonlinear dynamics consistent with quantum mechanics, we numerically study the evolution of e...

We present a detailed study of the high-current transport properties of graphene devices patterned in a four-point configuration. The current tends to saturate as the voltage across graphene is increased but never reaches the complete saturation as in metallic nanotubes. Measurements are compared to a model based on the Boltzmann equation, which includes electron-scattering processes due to cha...

We demonstrate silicon-based traveling-wave photodetector arrays (Si-TWPDAs) with parallel optical feeding by integrating multiple Germanium photodetectors. Such Si-TWPDAs feature the merit of high optical saturation power with remaining the large operation bandwidth. The impedance-matched traveling-wave electrode design takes into account the individual Ge photodetector loading effect. Optical...

We combine two near-infrared diffuse optical techniques to study variations of blood flow, haemoglobin concentration, and blood oxygen saturation in the functioning rat brain. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (or flowmetry) monitors changes in the cerebral blood flow, without the use of the principles of tracer clearance, by measuring the optical phase-shifts caused by moving blood cells. Near-...

Optical absorption is closely associated with many physiological important parameters, such as the concentration and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and it can be used to quantify the concentrations of nonfluorescent molecules. We propose a method to use acoustic spectra of photoacoustic signals to quantify the absolute optical absorption. This method is self-calibrating and thus insensitive t...

We present a new method for the measurement of saturation of the optical transition of fluorescent molecules in solution, which is based on detection with a CCD camera of a two-dimensional projection of the three-dimensional, spatially nonuniform fluorescence intensity distribution as generated in a bulk solution of the fluorophore by excitation with focused femtosecond optical pulses. Essentia...

The effect of the inclusion of nonlinear gain saturation in the governing equations of a semiconductor laser with optical feedback is numerically analyzed. The dependence of the route to chaos on the intensity of the nonlinear term and on the form of gain saturation, are considered. It is found that the inclusion of gain saturation causes significant changes in the behavior of the laser with re...

We have measured the bulk optical properties of healthy female breast tissues in vivo in the parallel plate, transmission geometry. Fifty-two volunteers were measured. Blood volume and blood oxygen saturation were derived from the optical property data using a novel method that employed a priori spectral information to overcome limitations associated with simple homogeneous tissue models. The m...