In this study we investigated the impact of accommodation on axial and oblique astigmatism along 12 meridians of the central 30° of visual field and explored the compensation of corneal first-surface astigmatism by the remainder of the eye's optical system. Our experimental evidence revealed no systematic effect of accommodation on either axial or oblique astigmatism for two adult populations (...

We present an instrument that uses a novel technique to render topographical maps of microscopic reflecting surfaces in which depth resolution can be an order or magnitude or more better than the lateral resolution of the confocal microscope. In a confocal scanning reflected-light microscope, the illumination light coming out of the objective is a cone of light with its axis parallel to the opt...

Projection is the process of forming a 2D image from a 3D scene. Perspective projection is formed by rays reflected from the objects through the optical center (or focal center) onto a capturing device (CCD or film). To avoid reversal of the image we usually assume that the capturing device lies in front of the optical center. We form a coordinate system by setting the origin O = (0, 0, 0) at t...

Low-Fresnel number optical systems exhibit significant diffraction effects that cause a shift in the peaks of on-axis irradiance away from the geometric focal point. This is currently interpreted as a change of the focal length of an optical system, leading optical system designers to compensate for the effect by assuming the image plane is coincident with the peak of on-axis irradiance. While ...

We demonstrate optical trapping and orientational control over colloidal particles having complex shapes in an anisotropic host fluid using a dynamic holographic optical tweezers system. Interactions between a colloidal particle and the toroidal intensity distributions of focused Laguerre-Gaussian beams allow for stable optical tweezing and provide a tunable tilt of the particle out of the foca...

Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is a novel measurement technique that represents a significant advance on the well-established zenith scattered sunlight DOAS instruments which are mainly sensitive to stratospheric absorbers. MAX-DOAS utilizes scattered sunlight received from multiple viewing direc-5 tions. The spatial distribution of various trace gases close ...

The microlensing probability (optical depth τ) toward the Galactic center carries information about the mass distribution of the Galactic bulge/bar, so can be used to constrain the very uncertain shape parameters of the Galactic bar. In this paper we study a family of bar models with tunable triaxiality, boxyness and radial profile to span the range of plausible density models of the Galactic b...

In this paper, a new three-axis electromagnetically actuated micromirror structure has been proposed and fabricated. It is electromagnetically actuated at low voltage using an external magnetic field. The main purpose of this work was to obtain a three-axis actuated micromirror in a mechanically robust structure with large static angular and vertical displacement at low actuation voltage for fi...

Analog computing has emerged as a promising candidate for real-time and parallel continuous data processing. This paper presents reciprocal way realizing asymmetric optical transfer functions (OTFs) in the reflection side of on-axis processing channels. It is rigorously demonstrated that presence Cross-polarization Exciting Normal Polarizabilities (CPENP) metasurface circumvents famous challeng...