recent studies have shown that glucocorticoids may have modulatory effect on anxiety reactions. this effect may occur with opioid system interference. according to that, the purpose of this research is to assess the effect of dexamethasone as glucocorticoid agonist and its interaction with opioidergic system on the anxiety modulatory effect in plus maze model in mice. male white mice with mediu...

Opioid rotation is a common and necessary clinical practice in the management of chronic non-cancer pain to improve therapeutic efficacy with the lowest opioid dose. When dose escalations fail to achieve adequate analgesia or are associated with intolerable side effects, a trial of a new opioid should be considered. Much of the scientific rationale of opioid rotation is based on the wide interi...

Background and Objective: Opioid use disorder is an evolving crisis, 17.2% of postsurgical patients continue to fill opioid prescription one year after surgery. Preclinical studies suggest perioperative use, defined here as opioids used in the setting operative pain, may be linked inferior oncologic outcomes. If this were true, minimization strategies for surgical reduce opioid-related deaths m...

PURPOSE This study investigated the patterns of opioid co-prescription with benzodiazepine and other concomitant medications among opioid users. Opioid dose in each type of co-prescription was also examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among opioid users receiving concomitant medications at an outpatient tertiary hospital setting in Malaysia. Opioid prescript...

abstract background and objective: pain relief during labour is an important determinant of a women’s birth experience. there are numerous pain relief techniques which can be used either with or without pain medication. the aim of our study was to compare the effect of remifentanil alone and its effect in pain relief while using with ketamine during labour. methods: after obtaining informed con...

the catastrophic effects of opioids use on public health and the economy are documented clearly in numerous studies. repeated morphine administration can lead to either a decrease (tolerance) or an increase (sensitization) in its behavioral and rewarding effects. morphine-induced sensitization is a major problem and plays an important role in abuse of the opioid drugs. studies reported that mor...

A. The endogenous opioid system and natural reinforcement 1383 B. The endogenous opioid system and drugs of abuse 1387 C. Perspectives: extending studies to animal models of drug addiction 1393 IV. Genetic Manipulation of the Opioid System, Reinforcement, and Drug Dependence 1393 A. Opioid receptor knockout mice 1393 B. Opioid peptide knockout mice 1394 C. Conclusion 1395 D. Perspectives: towar...

Glutamate neurotransmission plays an important role in the processing of pain and in chronic opioid-induced neural and behavioral plasticity, such as opioid withdrawal and opioid dependence. -Opioid receptors also have been implicated in acute opioid modulation of pain and chronic opioid-induced plasticity, both of which are primarily mediated by -opioid receptors. Using whole-cell patch clamp ...

OBJECTIVE After prolonged opioid exposure, children develop opioid-induced hyperalgesia, tolerance, and withdrawal. Strategies for prevention and management should be based on the mechanisms of opioid tolerance and withdrawal. PATIENTS AND METHODS Relevant manuscripts published in the English language were searched in Medline by using search terms "opioid," "opiate," "sedation," "analgesia," ...

Many states have implemented limitations on opioid prescriptions for patients with acute pain. Few studies investigated relationships between prescribing restrictions and clinical outcomes. We assessed effects of pain restriction laws trends in opioid-related overdose deaths among that these policies. evaluated the state three outcomes: all-opioid, prescription opioid, heroin-related deaths. as...