Eukaryotic mRNAs usually form a circular structure; thus, ribosomes that terminate translation at the 3' end can diffuse with increased probability to the 5' end of the transcript, initiating another cycle of translation. This phenomenon describes ribosomal flow with positive feedback--an increase in the flow of ribosomes terminating translating the open reading frame increases the ribosomal in...

The complete genome sequence of the endophytic diazotroph Kosakonia sacchari, isolated from a sweet potato, was analyzed. The 4,902,106-bp genome with 53.7% G+C content comprises 4,638 open reading frames, including nif genes, 84 tRNAs, and seven complete rRNAs in a circular chromosome.

The draft genome sequence of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" strain RSTM from a potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) in California is reported here. The RSTM strain has a genome size of 1,286,787 bp, a G+C content of 35.1%, 1,211 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), and 43 RNA genes.

A new human gammapapillomavirus (HPV_MTS2) genome was isolated and fully cloned from a skin swab. The L1 open reading frame of HPV_MTS2 was 79% and 80% identical to those of its closest relatives, HPV type 149 (species Gamma-7 of the genus Gammapapillomavirus) and HPV isolate Dysk2 (GenBank accession no. KX781281), respectively, thus qualifying it as a new HPV type.

We determined the complete genome sequences of two sapovirus strains isolated in Thailand and Japan. One of these strains represented a novel, naturally occurring recombinant sapovirus. Evidence suggested the recombination site was at the polymerase-capsid junction within open reading frame one.

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Hundreds, perhaps thousands of previously unidentified functional small peptides could exist in most genomes, but these sequences have been generally overlooked. The discovery of genes encoding small peptides with important functions in different organisms has ignited the interest in these sequences and led to an increasing amount of effort towards their identification. Here, we review the adva...

We adapted a fusion polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy to synthesize gene disruption alleles of any sequenced yeast gene of interest. The first step of the construction is to amplify sequences flanking the reading frame we want to disrupt and to amplify the selectable marker sequence. Then we fuse the upstream fragment to the marker sequence by fusion PCR, isolate this product and fuse it...

A set of 1438 human exons was subjected to nested PCR. The initial success rate using a standard PCR protocol required for ligation-independent cloning was 83.4%. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on 27 primer- and template-related characteristics, of which most could be ignored apart from those related to the GC content of the template. Overall GC content of the template was a good pr...

The sequence of a gene for ribosomal protein L4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. Unlike most ribosomal protein genes of S. cerevisiae this gene has no intron. The single open reading frame predicts that L4 is highly homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L7a. There appear to be two genes for L4, both of which are active.