A microprocessor based solar tracking controller is designed and fabricated . In addition to tracking , the controller is capable acquiring photovoltaic and metereological data from a photovoltaic system and controlling battery / load . These features are extremely useful in autonomous PV system installed in remote areas for system control and monitoring. Solar tracking can be achieved in close...

Non-minimum phase (NMP) model is a discrete-time model obtained from small or reducing sampling-time of open-loop input and output experimental data. The classical feed-forward controller design of this model using inverse of the closed-loop transfer function would produce an unstable tracking control. This is due to phase and gain errors that caused by NMP zero. Thus, zero phase error tracking...

In this paper a closed-loop cruise controller to minimise the running costs of the heavy-haul train is proposed. Consideration is given to velocity tracking, intrain force and fuel consumption, as well as optimisation of them. To overcome the communication constraints, a fencing concept is introduced whereby the controller is reconfigured adaptively to the current track topology. Simulation res...

The majority of textbooks (e.g., Kaplan 1996) appear to provide an analog or continuous representation on the theory of carrier tracking loops based on continuous tracking loop equations. Such a representation may be adequate to explain the tracking loop phenomenon when the noise bandwidth (Bn) integration time (T) product is much less than 1 where we are able to predict and explain the observe...

We present a comprehensive theory of closed-loop particle tracking for calculating the statistics of a diffusing fluorescent particle's motion relative to the tracking lock point. A detailed comparison is made between the theory and experimental results, with excellent quantitative agreement found in all cases. A generalization of the theory of (open-loop) fluorescence correlation spectroscopy ...

This paper approaches a dual-axis equatorial tracking system that is used to increase the photovoltaic efficiency by maximizing the degree of use of the solar radiation. The innovative aspect in the solar tracker design consists in considering the tracking mechanism as a perturbation for the DC motors. The goal is to control the DC motors, which are perturbed with the motor torques whose comput...

A new approach based on a genealogical decision tree is suggested for solving an open-loop tracking problem. The algorithm associates Gaussian distributions to both the norms of the control actions and the tracking errors. It solves the optimization problem sequentially, using random resampling from a population of solutions. This stochastic search model can be interpreted as a simple genetic p...