Due to their high transparency, electrodes fabricated from conductive polymers are often implemented in semitransparent organic solar cells. Opaque cells usually employ metal back with reflectivity for best photon confinement the light-harvesting layer. Herein, a bilayer electrode comprising and nanofoamed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is investigated, latter of which creates diffuse reflect...

The electro-magnetic flows of information and mobile technologies pervading our everyday life are often said to be spinning such “filigree cities.” Cities, whose “opaque and fictitious thickness” can only be accessed if we co-inhabit these invisible spaces. And yet, this city is only one of the multiple cities, invisible and visible, we inhabit in our everyday life. The imbrication of these mul...

We show that the anomalously short delay times observed in barrier tunneling have their origin in energy storage and its subsequent release. The observed group delay is proportional to the energy stored. This delay is not a propagation delay and should not be linked to a velocity since evanescent waves do not propagate. The "Hartman effect", in which the group delay becomes independent of thick...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Ceramic restorations should be made of porcelain layers of different opacity, shade, and thickness in order to provide a natural appearance. By means of CAD/CAM layering technology such as CICERO, it is feasible to produce all-ceramic crowns with porcelain layers of predetermined thickness. However, it is not yet known whether changes in thickness of these porcelain layers ...

Introduction: To achieve acceptable clinical performance, a ceramic veneer must be bonded to enamel by well-polymerized resin cement. Among different factors, thickness and translucency of the ceramic may affect the resin cement polymerization. Thus, the current study evaluated the effect of the thickness and translucency of lithium disilicate ceramic on light-cured resin cement bond strength t...

We report the fabrication of a hybrid light-harvesting electrode consisting of photosystem I (PSI) proteins extracted from spinach and adsorbed as a monolayer onto electrically contacted, large-area graphene. The transparency of graphene supports the choice of an opaque mediator at elevated concentrations. For example, we report a photocurrent of 550 nA/cm(2) from a monolayer of PSI on graphene...

An antireflection overcoat for opaque baffle coatings in the FIRlsubmillimeter region has been made from a simple Teflon spray-on lubJricant. The Teflon overcoat reduced the specular reflectance of four different c,paque coatings by nearly a factor of two. Analysis, based on the interfElrence term of a reflecting-layer model, indicates that in the submillimeter region the reduced reflectance de...

PERFORATING keratoplasty is found to be most successful in cases of small central corneal nebulae and keratoconus. In both these conditions the graft lies completely surrounded by healthy cornea. Where there is gross opacification extending widely throughout the thickness of the cornea and especially if degenerative changes are present, then a simple perforating graft rapidly becomes completely...