PURPOSE The pathogenesis of retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma remains incompletely understood. Current evidence suggests that the optic nerve (ON) head and axons are the main site of injury in glaucoma. This study compares changes in prosurvival and proapoptotic gene expression in ONs with those in retinas in three models of ocular injury, specifically ON transection (ONTX), N-methyl-D-asp...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To analyze information about the environments in which the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) operates as a basis for strategic planning. DATA SOURCES Published reports and ONS internal surveys. DATA SYNTHESIS Analysis of internal and external trends resulted in a list of implications with regard to managing change, avoiding mistakes, and identifying critical issues for ONS l...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to present a case of successful relief of bilateral occipital neuralgia (ON) using unilateral occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) and to discuss the possible underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present the case of a 59-year-old female patient with severe bilateral ON treated with unilateral ONS. We systematically reviewed previous studies of ONS f...

Under-nutrition, inadequate protein or poor protein and energy intake and unintended weight loss have been identified as independent risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers. Providing oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in addition to regular food intake seems a logical way to replenish body shortages of macro- and micronutrients as well as to supply extra nutrients for the preservat...

BACKGROUND Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) has raised new hope for drug-resistant chronic cluster headache (drCCH), a devastating condition. However its mode of action remains elusive. Since the long delay to meaningful effect suggests that ONS induces slow neuromodulation, we have searched for changes in central pain-control areas using metabolic neuroimaging. METHODS Ten drCCH patients un...

OBJECTIVES To assess, by magnetic resonance imaging, the volumes and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) values of optic nerves (ONs) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who had incomplete or no visual recovery after optic neuritis; and to compare these quantities with those derived from ONs from patients with MS who showed a marked clinical recovery after optic neuritis, ONs from healthy...