González-Cabán, Armando; Omi, Philip N., technical coordinators. 1999. Proceedings of the symposium on fire economics, planning, and policy: bottom lines; 1999 April 59; San Diego, CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-173. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 332 p. These proceedings summarize the results of a symposium designed to address curre...

Forest fires can be fatal threats. Motivated by the need to detect fire early and locate forest fires clearly, in this paper, we propose a paradigm called the forest fire monitoring paradigm (FFMP). The purpose of the FFMP is for forest fire early detection and locating based on mixed wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Different from pure static and mobile WSNs, mixed WSNs are composed of both mo...

The purpose of this paper is to determine where to locate fire-station facilities. The decision of where to locate depends upon a set of tangible and intangible criteria that are unique to a given problem. Thus, the traditional models that incorporate only travel times or travel distances are no longer appropriate. This paper presents a multiple criteria modeling approach, via integer goal prog...

This study combines AHP and GIS to provide decision makers with a model to ensure optimal site location(s) for fire stations selected. The roles of AHP and GIS in determining optimal locations are explained, criteria for site selection are outlined, and case study results for finding the optimal fire station locations in Istanbul, Turkey are included. The city of Istanbul has about 13 million r...

The interpretation and communication of fire danger warning levels based on fire weather index values are critical for fire management activities. A number of different indices have been developed for various environmental conditions, and many of them are currently applied in operational warning systems. To select an appropriate combination of such indices to work in different ecoregions in mou...

INTRODUCTION Underground stations can broadly be divided into two methods of construction: cut and cover (i.e. excavating a trench and recovering) and tunnelling. The station layout is mostly comprised of the areas that are common to all stations and their spatial planning must be set out with a thorough understanding of passenger circulation patterns. The station components, namely the ticket ...

A fire on the Mir space station in 1997 threatened the spacecraft and its crew of six [1]. The fire involved an oxygen jet leaking from a lithium–perchlorate oxygen generator. The fire involved three factors not normally encountered in terrestrial fires: enhanced oxygen, inverse flames (in that the oxidizer is surrounded by fuel), and microgravity. The present work examines some effects of thes...