In 1910, Peyton Rous identified a transmissible avian tumor virus, a discovery that began the journey from tumor virus biology to tumor biology itself.

New approaches are explored for historians, by 19 eminent writers, in 21 chapters of timely information. The historiography of ideas in medicine, as one aspect, notes that the historian of science is concerned with the thoughts that refer to facts and theories, be they true or not; whereas the scientist is concerned with facts and theories, asking whether they are true or not. Most of the metho...

About 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections especially in the setting of established cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis, making HCC prevention a major goal of antiviral therapy. HCC tumors are highly complex and heterogeneous resulting from the aberrant function of multiple molecular pathways. The roles of HCV or HBV in ...

Viruses can only reproduce by infecting live cells. During their replication, some viruses manipulate the host cell machinery in such a way that may cause the host cell to reproduce out of control and become carcinogenesis. These viruses are known as oncogenic viruses, also named as “tumor viruses” or “cancer viruses”. In 1909, Francis Peyton Rous showed that cancer could be transmitted through...

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are an ancient group of viruses with small, double-stranded DNA circular genomes. They are species-specific and have a strict tropism for mucosal and cutaneous stratified squamous epithelial surfaces of the host. A subset of these viruses has been demonstrated to be the causative agent of several human cancers. Here, we review the biology, natural history, evolutio...

Herpes virus infections are frequent in renal transplant recipients. Some herpes viruses are not only responsible for life-threatening infections and renal graft injury but can also increase the risk of malignancy. Three herpes viruses, namely cytomegalovirus (CMV) or human herpes virus 5, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or herpes virus 4 and human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), may play an oncogenic role. Th...

Oncogenic viruses represent a significant public health burden in light of the multitude of malignancies that result from chronic or spontaneous viral infection and transformation. Although many of the molecular signaling pathways that underlie virus-mediated cellular transformation are known, the impact of these viruses on metabolic signaling and phenotype within proliferating tumor cells is l...

Viruses are considered as causative agents of a significant proportion of human cancers. While the very stringent criteria used for their classification probably lead to an underestimation, only six human viruses are currently classified as oncogenic. In this review we give a brief historical account of the discovery of oncogenic viruses and then analyse the mechanisms underlying the infectious...