‎In this paper‎, ‎we introduce the structure of a groupoid associated to a vector field‎ ‎on a smooth manifold‎. ‎We show that in the case of the $1$-dimensional manifolds‎, ‎our‎ ‎groupoid has a‎ ‎smooth structure such that makes it into a Lie groupoid‎. ‎Using this approach‎, ‎we associated to‎ ‎every vector field an equivalence‎ ‎relation on the Lie algebra of all vector fields on the smooth...

In this paper, first a short history of the notion of equilibrium problem in Economics and Nash$acute{'}$ game theory is stated. Also the relationship between equilibrium problem among important mathematical problems like optimization problem, nonlinear programming, variational inequality problem, fixed point problem and complementarity problem is given. The concept of generalized pseudomonoton...

there are different ideas and opinions about the effects of macroeconomic variables on real and nominal variables. to answer the question of whether changes in macroeconomic variables as a political tool is useful over a business cycle, understanding the effect of macroeconomic variables on economic growth is important. in the present study, the bayesian vector autoregresive model and seasonali...

in this work we deal with actions of vector groupoid which is a new concept in the literature‎. ‎after we give the definition of the action of a vector groupoid on a vector space‎, ‎we obtain some results related to actions of vector groupoids‎. ‎we also apply some characterizations of the category and groupoid theory to vector groupoids‎. ‎as the second part of the work‎, ‎we define the notion...

‎We consider the oscillator group equipped with‎ ‎a biinvariant Lorentzian metric‎. ‎Some geometrical properties of this space and the harmonicity properties of left-invariant vector fields on this space are determined‎. ‎In some cases‎, ‎all these vector fields are critical points for the energy functional‎ ‎restricted to vector fields‎. ‎Left-invariant vector fields defining harmonic maps are...

the ple2scx vector was developed for the stable expression of exogenous genes in the protozoan parasite leishmania. the ple2scx construct contains three independent selection markers: herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk), cytosine deaminase (cd) and streptothericin acetyltransferase gene (sat) in multiple cloning site, flanking by 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions of the previously clone...

In this paper we give a complete characterization of the convergence of stationary vector subdivision schemes and the regularity of the associated limit function. These results extend and complete our earlier work on vector subdivision and its use in the construction of multiwavelets.