The article is a review of the famous book by Robert Michels (1876-1936) published in 1911 but only recently translated into Russian, Political Parties. A Sociological Study Oligarchical Tendencies Modern Democracy (Moscow: Publishing House “Delo”, 2022. 448 p.). This its first translation from German Russian I. Ivakina under scientific editorship D. Karasev. Based on analysis main ideas relate...

This study demonstrates resistance to oligarchic forces with a case from Pati Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The movement started protest against the expansion of internationally financed Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Ltd in Kendeng Mountains. anti-cement-factory lived on and ‘defeated’ oligarchs electoral districts where happened 2017 local election. uses qualitative method. Data were collect...

This paper explores the repatterning of civil society, social technologies persuasion and information, role socio-political contexts in Narrabri (an Australian country town, Western New South Wales), its surrounding region between 2018 2020. In consequences Carbon Oligarchy are observed, as oligarchy promoted new gas fields expansions a coal mine region. expansion is justified by supposedly off...

This paper investigates a mechanism for reliable generation of sparse code in a sparsely connected, hierarchical, learning memory. Activity reduction is accomplished with local competitions that suppress activities of unselected neurons so that costly global competition is avoided. The learning ability and the memory characteristics of the proposed winner-take-all network and an oligarchy-take-...

In this paper we generalize some classical factorizations of a fuzzy relation into a symmetric component (indifference) and an asymmetric and regular component (regular fuzzy strict preference). From the above notions, we establish two properties of any regular fuzzy strict preference of a max-∗-transitive fuzzy relation, which are then used to obtain new fuzzy versions of Gibbard’s oligarchy t...

This paper develops a positive theory of growth and redistribution in which agents care about both their absolute and relative levels of consumption. As in Alesina and Rodrik (1994), public goods are productive and are financed by a tax on capital. Equilibrium tax policy is chosen by a pivotal voter and is shown to reflect the strength of status preferences and the distributions of wealth and p...