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Accurate replication of the processes associated with the energetics of the tropical ocean is necessary if coupled GCMs are to simulate the physics of ENSO correctly, including the transfer of energy from the winds to the ocean thermocline and energy dissipation during the ENSO cycle. Here, we analyze ocean energetics in coupled GCMs in terms of two integral parameters describing net energy los...

[1] Recent studies attribute land double-frequency (DF) microseism observations to deep water generation. Here we show that near-coastal generation is generally the dominant source region. This determination is based on observations at land and ocean seismic stations, buoys, gravity-wave hindcasts, and on beamforming results from continental seismic arrays. Interactions between opposing ocean w...

6 Recent studies attribute land double-frequency (DF) microseism observations to deep7 water generation. Here we show that near-coastal generation is generally the dominant 8 source region. This determination is based on observations at land and ocean seismic 9 stations, buoys, gravity wave hindcasts, and on beamforming results from continental 10 seismic arrays. Interactions between opposing o...

water is nearly opaque to infrared energy (Figure 1), the study of ocean optics has been primarily concerned with propagation of visible energy, i.e. light. This is also a natural starting point for the study of ocean ecology as photosynthesis is driven (with a few exceptions) by energy within the visible light spectrum, which has sufficient energy per photon to induce photochemistry. As phytop...

The goal of direct drive ocean wave energy extraction system is to convert ocean wave energy into electricity. The problem explored in this paper is the design and optimal control for the direct drive ocean wave energy extraction system. An optimal control method based on internal model proportion integration differentiation (IM-PID) is proposed in this paper though most of ocean wave energy ex...

The wind work on oceanic near-inertial motions is suggested to play an important role in furnishing the diapycnal mixing in the deep ocean which affects the uptake of heat and carbon by the ocean as well as climate changes. However, it remains a puzzle where and through which route the near-inertial energy penetrates into the deep ocean. Using the measurements collected in the Kuroshio extensio...