OBJECTIVE Determine the effects of BMI on the risk of serious-to-fatal injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥ 3 or AIS 3+) to different body regions for adults in frontal, nearside, farside, and rollover crashes. DESIGN AND METHODS Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to a probability sample of adult occupants involved in crashes generated by combining the National Automotive Sam...

A building occupancy simulation simulates the behavior of the occupants and assists in recognizing occupant’s behavior which can be used in energy consumption, smart assist as well as in emergency evacuation. Agent based models are widely used to represent the occupants, but suffer poorly due to increase in computation cost with the increase in agents. Graph based and cellular approaches are us...

OBJECTIVE There is limited knowledge of the long-term medical consequences for occupants injured in car crashes in various impact directions. Thus, the objective was to evaluate whether injuries leading to permanent medical impairment differ depending on impact direction. METHODS In total, 36,743 injured occupants in car crashes that occurred between 1995 and 2011 were included. All initial i...

UNLABELLED A prospective telephone-administered questionnaire study in new home occupants compared general and respiratory health at occupancy and 1 year later in two groups. The test group or cases, was 52 R-2000(TM) homes (128 occupants) built to preset and certified criteria for energy efficient ventilation and construction practices. The control group were 53 new homes (149 occupants) built...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of seatbelt nonuse with injury patterns, injury severity, and in-patient hospital admission among adults presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in a statewide, population-based, sample of motor vehicle crashes. METHODS Using data from the 2002 Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) for Wisconsin, 23,920 occupants of motor vehicle crashes, age...

A lighting controls study performed over a three month period provided data that can be used to determine the impact of manual switching and dimming controls on occupant behavior and attitudes and on energy use. Data were analyzed for 58 private offices on a single floor of a modern office building in Boulder, Colorado. Each office was equipped with a ceiling-mounted infrared motion sensor, a d...

In recent years much attention has been devoted to understanding and predicting when and how occupants perform their daily routines and use electric appliances within buildings. The purpose here is to better estimate energy consumption. Despite efforts to capture individual behavior with precision, models often neglect how occupants interact with one another. Concretely, they do not accurately ...

Building Automation Systems control HVAC systems aiming at optimizing energy efficiency and comfort. However, these systems use pre-set configurations, which usually do not correspond to occupants’ preferences. Although existing systems take into account the number of occupants and the energy consumption, individual occupant preferences are disregarded. Indeed, there is no way for occupants to ...