Abstract Building on Nozick's invariantism about objectivity, I propose to define scientific objectivity in terms of counterfactual independence. will argue that such a independence account is (a) able overcome the decisive shortcomings original and (b) applicable three paradigmatic kinds (that is, as replication, robustness, Mertonian universalism).

in this paper,ojectivity_with its various and as a feature of scientific knowledge_is studied,with its relation to subjectivity. the role of evidence in satisfying  the criteria of objectivity and thier impression from general concepts and presuppositions are also evluated. in the end,the factual objectivity is accepted with the respect to sciences. also mentioned is the impression of scientifi...

The article seeks the roots of the journalistic concept of objectivity in various theoretical schools. It argues that the concept of objectivity in journalism originates in the positivistic tradition and, furthermore, that it is strongly related to tan earlier theoretical school within historiography. Journalism has made several attempts have been made by journalism to break free of the positiv...

This paper challenges the traditional conception of objectivity in science by arguing that its singular focus on evidential relations and search for aperspectivalism renders it inadequate. Through an examination of psychiatric nosology, I argue that interesting and unique problems arise that challenge this conception of objectivity and that these challenges cannot be met by this account. Howeve...

Necessary and sufficient relations between measurement objectivity and psychometric models for data in more than two categories are reviewed and extended. Rasch (1960, 1961) and others prove the sufficiency of Rasch models for objectivity. Douglas and Wright (1986) derive the model necessary for objectivity for data in two categories. Rasch (1968) outlines a proof of the model necessary for obs...

Objectivity has long been contentious in American journalism. Many practitioners call it essential to a news organization’s credibility. Critics, however, hold objectivity is impossible and urge reporters simply to reveal their biases. For educators, teaching objectivity is challenging. Some, seeking a middle ground, instead urge fairness and balance, or counsel “impartiality.” Even such approa...

In this paper, we analyze the social value of accounting objectivity in maintaining bank stability. Building on an early, in‡uential accounting work by Ijiri and Jaedicke (1966), we operationalize two informational properties, objectivity and accuracy, in a correlated information structure and embedded them into a model of bank runs. We show that, when compared with the accuracy property, the o...

Objectivity is a well-belabored topic. The point of this paper can only be a modest one: to introduce some distinctions for conceptual clarity, to sketch the routes to objectivity which appear most plausible on the background of the current discussion, and to point to some errors which make present confusions larger than necessary. These points seem well worth pursuing also in the context of th...