To further elucidate the induction process of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase of Ambler class A, NmcA, ampD genes of the wild-type (WT) strain and of ceftazidime-resistant mutants of Enterobacter cloacae NOR-1 were cloned and tested in transcomplementation experiments. Ceftazidime-resistant E. cloacae NOR-1 mutants exhibited derepressed expression of the AmpC-type cephalosporinase and...

The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of Escherichia coli strains isolated from asymptomatic griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) during a reintroduction program in the southeast of Spain, in order to establish if griffon vulture could play a role in the spread of resistant or potentially pathogenic E. coli strains. For this purpose, 14 E. coli strains obtained from 10 griffon ...

To evaluate the serogrouping-based diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, a total of 1,130 strains of E. coli isolated in several countries were studied. The strains were regarded as enterovirulent on the basis of their O-antigens determined using a commercially available kit containing 43 antisera, and the presence of diarrhea-associated genes (eae, stx, aggR, est, elt, ipaH) was evaluat...

In the double-stranded DNA containing bacteriophages, hundreds of copies of capsid protein subunits polymerize to form icosahedral shells, called procapsids, into which the viral genome is subsequently packaged to form infectious virions. High assembly fidelity requires the assistance of scaffolding protein molecules, which interact with the capsid proteins to insure proper geometrical incorpor...

Clonal complex 271 (CC271) is one of the emerging multidrug-resistant clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae, spreading in many areas of the globe (3) and including serotype 19F and the nonvaccine serotype 19A (4). CC271 pneumococci often carry dual macrolide resistance genes erm(B) and mef(E), determining a macrolide resistance phenotype (MLSB) identical to that conferred by erm(B) alone (5). We e...