This paper models the determinants of exporting (both in terms of export propensity and export intensity), with a particular emphasis on the importance of absorptive capacity and the endogenous link between exporting and undertaking R&D. Based on a merged dataset of the 2001 Community Innovation Survey and the 2000 Annual Respondents Database for the UK, our results suggest that establishment s...

The structures of the O-specific polysacccharide and core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Plesiomonas shigelloides O24:H8, strain CNCTC 92/89, have been investigated by NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The O-specific polysaccharide was found to be composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit consisting of [→3)-α-FucpNAc-(1→3)-α-GalpNAcA-(1→3)-α-QuipNAc-(1→] and of α-Rh...

Using a small macroeconometric model that examines the determinants of India’s trade and inflation, this paper addresses the effects of a reform policy package similar to those implemented in 1991. Policy simulations using dynamic simulation method compare the responses to devaluation with the responses to tight credit policy. It is shown that the trade balance effects of tight credit policy ar...

Trade models typically assume trade distortions (such as tariffs or trade costs) are constant across firms. We consider distortions that vary across firms and measure the gains from reducing dispersion in trade distortions. First we use a standard model to solve for the reduction in the mean that is welfareequivalent to any given reduction in variance, and show that the mean-variance tradeoff i...

Sialic acid-containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were isolated from six bacterial strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Sialic acid was released from permethylated LPS by methanolysis, and partially O-methylated N-acetyl-N-methyl-neuraminic acid methyl ester methyl glycosides were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry. It was proved that all LPS contain...

This article examines exchange rate-based stabilization in an economy that has been badly destroyed by war or other calamities. The article does this in the context of post-civil war Lebanon. Both Iraq and Afghanistan are prime candidates for such a policy. This article first demonstrates the validity of the theory and empirical regularities (initial boom followed by an economic contraction) in...

The sensitivity of bacteria to the bactericidal activity of serum depends on the structure and organization of the bacterial outer membrane. Sialic acid has been found in the O-specific region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and it plays an essential role in protecting Gram-negative bacteria against the bactericidal activity of human and animal serum. The susceptibility of Gram-negative b...

A recent body of empirical research has documented a strong association between the level and volatility of the RER and economic growth. This research has relied on a variety of econometric techniques applied to large cross-country data sets. Although the documented positive effects of both RER competitiveness and stability on growth appear to be robust, it is still unclear what the mechanisms ...