Vibrio cholerae O139 (173 strains) and O1 (221 strains) were tested for their in vitro susceptibilities to 39 antimicrobial agents. Both O139 and O1 strains were highly susceptible to azithromycin, cephems, minocycline, penems, and newer fluoroquinolones. O139 strains (94.8%), O1 Indian El Tor strains (97%), and Bangladeshi El Tor strains (50%) were highly resistant to streptomycin, sulfamethox...

Two systems are currently used to serologically type Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 isolates. Antiserovar-serotype serum in the Smith system is produced in rabbits immunized with live whole-cell vaccines, and that in the Sakazaki system is produced in rabbits immunized with heat-killed vaccines. In neither system is the serovar-serotype-specific antigen clearly defined. During the course of a se...

The Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide O1 antigen is a major target of bacteriophages and the human immune system and is of critical importance for vaccine design. We used an O1-specific lytic bacteriophage as a tool to probe the capacity of V. cholerae to alter its O1 antigen and identified a novel mechanism by which this organism can modulate O antigen expression and exhibit intra-strain hete...

An epidemic of a cholera-like disease occurred among Khmers in a camp in Aranyaprathet, Thailand, in May 1990. Of 215 patients with diarrhea, Vibrio cholerae O1 was isolated from 25 (12%) and V. cholerae non-O1 was isolated from 15 (7%). Five of 15 (33%) non-O1 V. cholerae isolates hybridized with two different oligonucleotide probes previously used to detect V. cholerae non-O1 that produces a ...

A new selective and differential agar medium, polymyxin-mannose-tellurite (PMT) agar was devised to differentiate easily colonies of Vibrio cholerae O1 from those of V. cholerae non-O1. The differentiation between colonies of the two vibrios is based on mannose-fermentation. Colonies of V. cholerae O1 on the agar are agglutinated with O1 antiserum of V. cholerae much more easily than those on t...

Vibrio cholerae O1 in a river water specimen in South Africa was reported, and a public health response followed in order to prevent an outbreak. Further investigation determined this to be a pseudoalert of V. cholerae O1, possibly linked to laboratory contamination. Following culture of bacteria from the water specimen, the testing laboratory possibly contaminated the culture with a V. cholera...

Vibrio cholerae O139 is a recently identified non-O1 V. cholerae strain responsible for outbreaks of epidemic cholera in India, Bangladesh, and Thailand in the past 2 years. Other workers have demonstrated the presence of the cholera toxin genetic element in V. cholerae O139, unlike the situation for other non-O1 V. cholerae strains. We sought to compare further this strain with strains of V. c...

An epidemic of cholera infections was documented in Haiti for the first time in more than 100 years during October 2010. Cases have continued to occur, raising the question of whether the microorganism has established environmental reservoirs in Haiti. We monitored 14 environmental sites near the towns of Gressier and Leogane during April 2012-March 2013. Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor bio...

The presence of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in water supplies for human consumption in the city of Campeche and rural locality of Bécal was investigated. V. cholerae non-O1 was detected in 5.9% of the samples obtained in deep pools of Campeche. Studies conducted in Bécal and neighbourhood of Morelos in Campeche indicated that collected samples harbored V. cholerae non-O1 in 31.5% and 8.7% respective...