Soil moisture can significantly influence atmospheric evolution. However the soil moisture state predicted by land surface models, and subsequently used as the boundary condition in atmospheric models, is often unrealistic. New remote sensing technologies are able to observe surface soil moisture at the scales and coverage required by numerical weather prediction (NWP), and there is potential t...

Numerous methods exist and were developed for global radiation forecasting. The two most popular types are the numerical weather predictions (NWP) and the predictions usingstochastic approaches. We propose to compute a parameter noted  constructed in part from the mutual information which is a quantity that measures the mutual dependence of two variables. Both of these are calculated with the ...

NWP forecast performance has made great progress during the past decade due to a few important factors. First, the numerical forecast models at major numerical weather prediction (NWP) centres have improved tremendously due to more accurate physics parametrisation schemes and increased computing power, which permits the use of higher resolution forecast models. Second, more observations, more a...

This paper presents the combination of different precipitation data sets and the distributed hydrological model, in order to examine the flood runoff reproductivity of scattered observation catchments. The precipitation data sets were obtained from observation using rain-gages, satellite based estimate (TRMM), and numerical weather prediction model (NWP), then were coupled with the super tank m...

China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and regional centers have developed their own Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) operation systems, which work process is complicated, including data preprocessing, analysis, model forecast, post-processing, visualization and other aspects but were lack of a unified management and monitoring. Based on the demands of NWP operation systems, this article g...

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and climate simulations have been intimately connected with progress in supercomputing since the first numerical forecast wasmade about 65 years ago. The biggest challenge to state-of-the-art computational NWP arises today from its own software productivity shortfall. The application software at the heart of most NWP services is ill-equipped to efficiently ada...

Model Output Statistics (MOS) refers to a method of post-processing the direct outputs of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models in order to reduce the biases introduced by a coarse horizontal resolution. This technique is especially useful in orographically complex regions, where large differences can be found between the NWP elevation model and the true orography. This study carries out a ...

New World primates (NWP) exhibit a form of compensated resistance to vitamin D and other steroid hormones, including 17beta-estradiol. One postulated cause of resistance is that NWP cells overexpress one or more proteins which block hormone action by competing with hormone for its cognate hormone response element. Here we report that both nuclear and postnuclear extracts from NWP, but not Old W...

In this paper the construction of real-time integrated water vapor (IWV) maps from a surface network of global positioning system (GPS) receivers is presented. The IWV maps are constructed using a twodimensional variational technique with a persistence background that is 15 min old. The background error covariances are determined using a novel two-step method, which is based on the Hollingswort...

The benefits of short-term (1–6 h), distributed quantitative precipitation forecasts (DQPFs) are well known. However, this area is acknowledged to be one of the most challenging in hydrometeorology. Previous studies suggest that the ‘‘state of the art’’ methods can be enhanced by exploiting relevant information from radar and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, using process physics and ...