15.1. The First Law of Thermodynamics • Define the first law of thermodynamics. • Describe how conservation of energy relates to the first law of thermodynamics. • Identify instances of the first law of thermodynamics working in everyday situations, including biological metabolism. • Calculate changes in the internal energy of a system, after accounting for heat transfer and work done. 15.2. Th...

In an analytical model channel transport is analyzed as a function of key parameters, determining efficiency and selectivity of particle transport in a competitive molecular environment. These key parameters are the concentration of particles, solvent-channel exchange dynamics, as well as particle-in-channel- and interparticle interaction. These parameters are explicitly related to translocatio...

High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as one of the most versatile tools for the quantitative study of structure, kinetics, and thermodynamics of biomolecules and their interactions at atomic resolution. Traditionally, nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs) and chemical shift perturbation methods are used to determine molecular geometries and to identify contact surfaces,...

Heavy ion collisions can provide a novel environment for testing fundamental dynamical processes in QCD, including minijet formation and interactions, formation zone phenomena, color filtering, coherent co-mover interactions, and new higher twist mechanisms which could account for the observed excess production and anomalous nuclear target dependence of heavy flavor production. The possibility ...

The connection between the thermodynamics of charged finite nuclear systems and the asymptotically measured partitions is presented. Some open questions, concerning in particular equilibrium partitions are discussed. We show a detailed comparison of the decay patterns in Au + C,Cu,Au central collisions and in Au quasi-projectile events. Observation of abnormally large fluctuations in carefully ...

That review article is focused on the tremendous progresses realized during the last fifteen years in the understanding of multifragmentation and its relationship to the liquid-gas phase diagram of nuclei and nuclear matter. The explosion of the whole nucleus, early predicted by Niels Bohr [1], is a very complex and rich subject which continues to fascinate nuclear physicists as well as theoret...