The activity of apical membrane Na channels in the rat cortical collecting tubule was studied during manipulation of the animals' mineralocorticoid status in vivo using a low-Na diet or the diuretic furosemide. Tubules were isolated and split open to expose the luminal membrane surface. Induction of Na channel activity was studied in cell-attached patches of the split tubules. No activity was o...

The Intolerance of Uncertainty Model (IUM) of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) attributes a key role to Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), and additional roles to Positive Beliefs about Worry (PBW), Negative Problem Orientation (NPO), and Cognitive Avoidance (CA), in the development and maintenance of worry, the core feature of GAD. Despite the role of the IUM components in worry and GAD has be...

The cholinergic system within the nucleus pontis oralis (NPO) of the pontine tegmentum is critically involved in the generation of active (rapid eye movement) sleep. Previously, we demonstrated that a GABAergic system in the NPO also plays an important role in the control of the behavioral states of wakefulness as well as active sleep. The present study examined interactions between these two n...

We study the funds allocation problem for a resource-constrained non-profit organization (NPO) that implements social development projects for public good. In addition to raising funds from donors who contribute prior to project implementation (“traditional donors”), the NPO uses a novel approach, which we term as the “ex-post funding” approach, to also raise funds from donors who contribute ba...

The 2013/14 boreal winter (December 2013–February 2014) brought extended periods of anomalously cold weather to central and eastern North America. The authors show that a leading pattern of extratropical variability, whose sea level pressure footprint is the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and circulation footprint the West Pacific (WP) teleconnection—together, the NPO–WP—exhibited extreme and ...

The paper studies the consequences of the Null Player Out (NPO) property for single-valued solutions on the class of cooperative games in characteristic function form. We allow for variable player populations (supports or carriers). A solution satisses the NPO property, if elimination of a null player does not aaect the payoos of the other players. Our main emphasis lies on individual values. F...

The paper studies the consequences of the Null Player Out NPO property for single valued solutions on the class of cooperative games in characteristic function form We allow for variable player popula tions supports or carriers A solution satis es the NPO property if elimination of a null player does not a ect the payo s of the other players Our main emphasis lies on individual values For linea...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with aspiration pneumonia (AP) may experience swallowing function declines during treatment, necessitating artificial feeding methods. Proper AP treatment contributes to maintaining activities of daily living. The aim was to assess the effect of tentative nil per os (NPO) status on the recovery of AP patients and declines in their swallowing abilities. METHODS In th...

With the advent of data age, everyone is in torrent information. At same time, with development and popularization Internet, information exchanges between people have become more convenient faster, resulting early warning network public opinion (NPO) has an object we to pay attention to. For colleges universities, construction (NPOW) great significance. This research aims study NPO mechanism un...