From the perspective of nonlinear science, it is argued that one may accept physicalism and reject substance dualism without being forced into reductionism. This permits a property dualism under which biological and mental phenomena may emerge from intricate positive feedback networks, involving many levels of both the biological and cognitive hierarchies.

It is well known that physical exercise requires the coordinated function of the heart, lungs and peripheral and pulmonary circulation to support the increased demands of contracting muscles. This evidence is well represented by the so-called Wasserman’s gears representing the functional interdependence of the physiological components of the system and the mechanisms for coupling internal (i.e....

"I think the use of the term 'quality of life' in the title of the journal Quality of Life Research' has contributed to the confusion about the measures described within the journal. Health status measures are often referred to as quality of life measures when they are actually measuring quality of health not quality of life. There are very important differences between the two and when those d...