Nosocomial infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in US hospitals [1]. The cost to the country is enormous, with $4.5 billion being spent annually on the treatment of patients with nosocomial pneumonia. According to the American Society of Microbiology, approximately 70% of nosocomial infections are caused by organisms resistant to 1 antimicrobial agent [2]. In addition to...

Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) — is a disease associat ed with a formation of new focal and infiltrative changes on the chest X ray 48 hrs after the hospitalization along with the clinical data confirming their infectious nature (fever, purulent sputum or purulent discharge from the tracheo bronchial tree, leukocytosis, etc.), excluding infections which were incubated on the admission [1]. Nosocomia...

This document updates and replaces CDC's previously published "Guideline for Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia" (Infect Control 1982;3:327-33, Respir Care 1983;28:221-32, and Am J Infect Control 1983;11:230-44). This revised guideline is designed to reduce the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and is intended for use by personnel who are responsible for surveillance and control of infections i...

BACKGROUND Decreasing the levels of bacteria in the oropharynx should reduce the prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia. OBJECTIVES To test the effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in decreasing microbial colonization of the respiratory tract and nosocomial pneumonia in patients undergoing open heart surgery. METHODS A prospective, randomized, case-controlled clinical trial...

Nosocomial pneumonia is the leading cause of death in patients with hospital-acquired infections. The development of nosocomial pneumonia prolongs hospitalization, which may cause additional days in the intensive care unit, thereby increasing overall health care costs. Empiric treatment of nosocomial pneumonia with therapies that are subsequently shown to be inappropriate therapy (defined as an...

BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recognized as an important cause of not only hospital acquired pneumonia, but also non-nosocomial pneumonia. However, the risk factors for non-nosocomial MRSA pneumonia are not clearly defined. Our objective was to identify risk factors at admission that were associated with non-nosocomial MRSA pneumonia. METHODS We evaluated 94...

OBJECTIVES Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of solid-organ transplant. We aimed to determine risk factors for development of pneumonia and associated deaths in kidney transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of medical records was performed for all kidney transplant recipients from December 1988, to April 2011. The diagnosis o...

Acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes nosocomial pneumonia in patients on mechanical ventilation or previously treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Nevertheless, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by A. baumannii, especially multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, is rare. We experienced the first case of CAP caused by MDR A. baumannii in Korea in ...

OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with nosocomial pneumonia in individuals admitted to a public hospital in Feira de Santana, Bahia. METHODS This case control study was carried out in 211 adult individuals (46 cases and 165 controls), of a mean age of 41 years, treated at clinical wards, surgical wards or the adult intensive care unit of Cleriston Andrade General Hospital in Feira de S...

Nosocomial pneumonia and acute peritonitis may be caused by a wide array of pathogens, and combination therapy is often recommended. We have previously shown that imipenem-cilastatin monotherapy was as efficacious as the combination of imipenem-cilastatin plus netilmicin in these two settings. The efficacy of imipenem-cilastatin is now compared to that of piperacillin-tazobactam as monotherapy ...