Studies in a wide variety of organisms have produced a general model for the induction of apoptosis in which multiple signaling pathways lead ultimately to activation of the caspase family of proteases. Once activated, these enzymes cleave key cellular substrates to promote the orderly dismantling of dying cells. A broad similarity exists in the cell death pathways operating in different organi...

Department of Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, A27 University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, J07 University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, Department of Orthopedics, Lund Universi...