Osteoporosis is a metabolic condition that is gaining increasing attention as people live longer. It may frequently be present in patients with and without fracture. Nonpharmacologic methods and pharmacologic methods may be used to treat osteoporosis and related fractures. The ultimate goal in managing and treating osteoporosis is to optimize fracture risk reduction. Commonly used nonpharmacolo...

This article briefly reviews the literature on the incidence of hypertension in the diabetic population, the risks associated with this combination of conditions, and the nonpharmacologic and other therapies available to lower blood pressure in these patients. Although several studies of nonpharmacologic therapies and diuretics are considered, the emphasis is on the reported advantages and disa...

background and aims: kombucha is an ancient food and healing source with asian origin. kombucha consists of a wide range of acids, including vitamin c, organic materials, enzymes, and b-group vitamins, which has provided it with immense value. this study was aimed to investigate the effects of kombucha tea consumption on hepatic udpgt enzyme in mice. methods: in this experimental study, 21 smal...

Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is challenging to treat. Next to flea-bite hypersensitivity, AD ranks as one of the top two hypersensitive skin conditions of dogs throughout the world. Estimates suggest that up to fifteen percent of the canine population may suffer from AD, though true prevalence and incidence is unknown. 1 AD is a “genetically programmed disease of dogs in which the patient beco...

Insomnia affects 10% to 30% of the population with a total cost of $92.5 to $107.5 billion annually. Short-term, chronic, and other types of insomnia are the three major categories according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd ed. The criteria for diagnosis are difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, or early awakening despite the opportunity for sleep; sym...

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommends lifestyle modification for all patients with hypertension or prehypertension. Modifications include reducing dietary sodium to less than 2.4 g per day; increasing exercise to at least 30 minutes per day, four days per week; limiting alcohol consumption to two ...

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) secondary to in-utero opioid exposure is an increasing problem. Variability in assessment and treatment of NAS has been attributed to the lack of high-quality evidence to guide management of exposed neonates. This systematic review examines available evidence for NAS assessment tools, nonpharmacologic interventions, and pharmacologic management of opioid-expos...