Nasal mask ventilation has been shown to be effective, but outcomes do not always match expectations because of mouth leaks, patient-ventilator asynchrony, or decreased upper airway patency. These developments are detected when they lead ultimately to circuit leaks that lower the effectiveness of ventilation through pressure loss, poor inspiratory triggering, and prolonged inspiratory time. The...

What we know: Various techniques are available that purport to measure aspects of airway inflammation non-invasively, including analysis of volatile molecules in exhaled breath and components of breath condensates. Adapting and validating these methods for use in young children and infants poses significant methodological problems, but progress has been made, particularly with regard to measure...

Geophysical methods can be used to create images of the Earth’s interior that constitute snapshots at the moment of data acquisition. In many applications, it is important to measure the temporal change in the subsurface, because the change is associated with deformation, fluid flow, temperature changes, or changes in material properties. We present an overview of how noninvasive geophysical me...

Currently, noninvasive glucose monitoring is not widely appreciated because of its uncertain measurement accuracy, weak blood glucose correlation, and inability to detect hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia during sleep. We present a strategy to design and fabricate a skin-like biosensor system for noninvasive, in situ, and highly accurate intravascular blood glucose monitoring. The system integrates an...

This paper intends to discuss the important points related with the design and development of the noninvasive blood glucose monitoring medical device. The advent of a pain free noninvasive technology would improve the patient’s compliance for regular blood glucose monitoring. Subsequently the diabetic patient’s life will improve considerably. The feeble signals produced by the glucose molecules...